PATRICK BEURARD-VALDOYE's recent works include Itinerrance, sites, cites, citains (Obsidiane, Sens); Theorie des noms (L'oeil du poete, Textuel, Paris); Notre etrange prison (L'arbre a paroles, Belgique). His poems have been translated into several languages. He lives in Paris.

ALEKSANDRA CARBAJAL holds a B.A. in Spanish from Rutgers University, where she is currently working on her M.A. in Spanish Translation. Originally from Poland, she immigrated to the USA at the age of six. She is fluent in Polish, Spanish, and English, and hopes to use all three languages in her career as a translator and interpreter.

BARBARA SIEGEL CARLSON lives in Carver, MA, and has poetry in Hayden's Ferry Review, Poetry East and Ashville Poetry Review, among others. Translations have appeared or are forthcoming in The Literary Review, Hunger Mountain, Poetry Miscellany, Sulphur River Literary Review and Mid-American Review. She is the author of a chapbook Between this Quivering (Coreopsis Press).

MME DU CHATELET (GABRIELLE EMILIE LE TONNELIER DE BRETEUIL, MARQUISE DU CHATELET-LOMOT) (1706-1749) The daughter of the Baron de Breteuil, Principal Secretary and Introducer of Ambassadors to Louis XIV, Emilie received a basic education at home, was taught Latin by her father, learned fencing, riding and gymnastics, which were not typical for a girl. By the age of twelve she had a fluent mastery of German and Greek in addition to Latin. She was introduced to court at sixteen, where she developed a taste for finery, but her superior intellect led her to seek the company primarily of equals in wit and education. Emilie hired tutors to teach her geometry, algebra, calculus and physics, and she spent as much as twelve hours a day studying. When she was 19, she married Florent-Claude Chatelet. She had had several amorous liaisons before meeting Voltaire in 1733, when she was 28 and he 39. Together they conducted a public love affair, which lasted for over a decade. Together they collected 21,000 volumes in a library and studied everything from metaphysics and morality to natural science and biblical criticism. One of the major achievements of their collaboration was the publication, in 1738, under Voltaire's name, of the Elements de la philosophie de Newton, which greatly advanced the cause of Newtonian physics in France. Voltaire states in the preface that they worked on the project together. Emilie herself wrote a remarkable dissertation, "Sur la nature et la propagation du feu. " The Academie des Sciences considered the work for a prize and published it in 1744. She authored her own Institutions de physique and also completed a translation with commentary of Newton's Principia Mathematica, which was published posthumously by Voltaire and which remains to this day the definitive French edition of Newton's great work. Emilie wrote the Discours sur le bonheur in the years just before her death, on September 10, 1749. The text itself was not published until 1779. The letters of Voltaire to Emilie, which she is known to have preserved in 8 books of red morocco leather, have never been found.

GASTAO CRUZ (b.1941) is the author of 20 collections of poetry, the most recent being A Moeda do Tempo (Time's Coin) 2006.  The poems in Metamorphoses 16.1 are taken from his 19th collection, Craters. In 1975, he co-founded the Theater of Today, a repertory company that performed for over twenty years. For this group he translated Chekhov, Camus, Crommelynk, and Shakespeare into Portuguese. His influential criticism is collected under the title Portuguese Poetry Today. Alexis Levitin's translations of Cruz's work have appeared in Confrontation, Crab Creek Review, Dirty Goat, Faultlines, Folio, Marlboro Review, Mid-American Review, Northwest Review, Osiris, and Rhino.

SAMUEL DANON is Professor Emeritus of French language and literature at Reed College and has published translations of medieval and twentieth-century French literature. His translation of "Essay on Gardens" by Claude-Henri Watelet (1718-1786) was published by the University of Pennsylvania Press in 2003. Some of his own poems have appeared in journals.

MIQUEL DECOR could be considered a "modern troubadour" since he writes poetry and song in Occitan (Oc), the language the troubadours wrote and sang in almost a thousand years ago in his region of France, in the Minervois region of Languedoc.  His poems in this issue are part of a collection of poetry entitled Passejada Menerbesa / Wild Roman Byways, which describes a series of mysterious, ancient places that are within hiking distance of his home.  The poet wrote these poems in Oc, then translated them into French and passed them along to Jeannette Rogers, who continued the translation process into English.  Since 1968, Miquel Decor has been "poetically active. "  He has published in modern Occitan nine books of verse, a book of historical essays about the Resistance movement in the Minervois during World War II, a poetry CD, and is also a songwriter for the Oc group Montanha Negra. Some of the poet's works have been published in bilingual Oc/French. This is the first English translation of Miquel Decor's poetry. 

"EL HOR" (or "EL HA") was the pseudonym of a female author from Vienna whose identity has never been revealed. Beginning in 1913, she published experimental prose pieces in Existentialist magazines two books, Die Schaukel (See-saw) in 1913 and Schatten (Shadows) in 1920, both reissued in 1991 by Hartwig Suhrbier, Gottingen: Steidl.

GILLIAN FENWICK is Associate Professor of English at the University of Toronto and a Fellow of Trinity College. Her field is history of the book, bibliography, editorial studies and publishing history. She has published books on Leslie Stephen, the British Dictionary of National Biography, George Orwell, Tim Parks, and Jan Morris. She lives in Toronto, Canada, and on Lake Garda in Italy.

JOSHUA GAGE began translating while pursuing his MFA degree at Naropa University through their Low-Residency program in Creative Writing. He can be found in Cleveland, haunting local readings in a purple bathrobe. His chapbook, Deep Cleveland Lenten Blues, is available on Deep Cleveland press.

GALINA SERGEEVNA GAMPER, poet and translator, has lived all her life in St. Petersburg. The poems in this issue (untitled in the original) first appeared in the 2004/4 issue of the journal Zvezda [Star], one of the leading and oldest literary journals in St.Petersburg. Gamper writes in the formal. Acmeist tradition of St.Petersburg. She is the author of a number of books of poetry, including Rain in Both the New World and the Old, selected poems published by the Pushkin Fund (St. Petersburg 1998). She received a prize for her book of translations of Shelley's poems, and she has translated other English Romantics as well. She is a laureate of St.Petersburg's Pen Club (1998).

TEOLINDA GERSAO (1940- ) is best known as a novelist. Born in Coimbra, she studied German, English and Romance languages and literatures at the universities of Coimbra, Tubingen and Berlin, and was Full Professor of German and Comparative Literature at the Universidade Nova de Lisboa until 1995 when she retired to devote herself exclusively to her writing. In 1981 her novel O Silencio won the Pen Club fiction prize as did O Cavalo de Sol in 1989. A Casa da Cabeca de Cavalo was awarded the Grande Premio de Romance e Novela da Associacao Portuguesa de Escritores in 1995. Os teclados (The Keyboards) garnered the  Critics Award of the Association internationale des critiques litteraires in 1999 as well as the Fernando Namora fiction prize, and in 2001 Historias de ver e andar won the Camilo Castello Branco Grand Prize for Short Stories. Her work has been translated into French, English, German, Dutch and Romanian and has also been adapted for the stage in several countries. www.teolinda-gersao.com

MEIR ARON GOLDSCHMIDT (1819-1887), born in Denmark to Jewish parents, struggled throughout his life to overcome his position as an outsider without compromising his integrity. Although he was prolific, with four novels, several volumes of stories, plays, essays and memoirs, the recognition he merited eluded him during his lifetime, and his works have only recently begun to be reissued. Some may be found on the Danish Roya Library website,

EVELYN GRILL was born in Upper Austria, studied law in Linz, and now resides in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany. Both Austria and Germany have recognized and promoted her writing with numerous prizes and scholarships, including Rome Scholarships in 1999 and 2002. In 2005 she was nominated for the German Book Prize. and in 2006 she was awarded the Otto Stoessl Prize. In addition to short stories, she has published seven books to date. Her novel Winter Quarters appeared in English translation in 2004 (Ariadne Press).

LEE HALL is an artist who lives in South Hadley.

MARK W. HALPERIN has published five volumes of poetry, most recently, Falling Through the Music (University of Notre Dame, '07). He is co-author of Accent on Meter (NCTE '04), and co-translator of A Million Premonitions, poems by Victor Sosnora (Zephyr Press, 04).  He lives near Washington's Yakima River.

MARGUERITE ITAMAR HARRISON is Assistant Professor of Portuguese and Brazilian Studies at Smith College. She holds a Masters degree from the University of Texas at Austin in Latin American Art History and a Ph.D. in Portuguese and Brazilian Studies from Brown University. She has recently edited Uma Cidade em Camadas, a transnational volume of essays on contemporary Brazilian writer Luiz Ruffato, published in Brazil in 2007. Her work has appeared in Brasil/Brazil, Latin American Literary Review, CiberLetras: Journal of Literary Criticism and Culture, Luso-Brazilian Review, Revue Lusotopie, Women's Review of Books, and other publications.

PEARL R. HOCHSTADT first encountered La Fontaine's fables when she studied French in high school.  She graduated from Cornell in 1952 with highest honors in English, and received an M.A. in English with high honors from Columbia in 1956. After raising her family, she went back to graduate school, receiving her Ph.D. from New York University in 1972. Once she retired from teaching English and English as a Second Language, casting about for a project that would engage her until she reached the age of 80, she decided that she would translate all twelve books of the Fables of La Fontaine, approximating their meter in rhyming verses.  So far she has accomplished her goal of completing one book a year and is now hard at work on Book IX.

HORACE (Q. HORATIUS FLACCUS 65-8 BCE) was one of the most famous poets of Augustan Rome. His Epodes, or Iambi, often reflect the earlier Greek tradition of abuse delivered in Iambic meter.

MAGGIE HORSNELL lives in South Hadley, Massachusetts.

ANTONIO A. IGREJAS is a Teaching Associate and Ph.D. candidate in modern Portuguese literature at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. He has published articles on Jose Saramago and Joao de Melo. His areas of research include Lusophone African and Brazilian Literature, with a special interest in the short story genre.

JOUNI INKALA lives in Helsinki, and has published seven collections of poetry. He is also the author of a radio play published and broadcast by Finnish National Radio in 2001. His poems have appeared in various anthologies and literary magazines in fifteen different languages. In 1992 he received the J.H. Erkko prize for the best first book of the year as well as the Kallioniemi Saatio prize. In 2003 he was awarded a five-year working grant form the Finnish State, and in 2005 he received the Einari Vuorela poetry prize.

MARIA JASTRZEBSKA was born in Warsaw and grew up in London. She is the author of three poetry collections: Postcards from Poland and other correspondences (Working Press), Home from Home (Flarestack 2002) and Syrena (Redbeck Press 2004). She coordinates South Pole, an arts network linked to The South literature development project, www.thesouth.org.uk.

ANA JELNIKAR is a Slovene translator now completing her PhD at the University of London (SOAS). Her most recent translations of poetry collections include Iztok Geister's Hymnn to the Bush Tree and Taja Kramberger's Mobilizations. Translations have appeared in such literary magazines as Verse, Southern Humanities Review, Third Coast, and The American Poetry Review. She is also the translator of the first Slovenian edition of C. G. Jung's Man and His Symbols

TOSHIYA KAMEI is the translator of The Curse of Eve and Other Stories by Liliana Blum and a graduate student at the University of Arkansas. His translations have recently appeared in The Listening Eye, Common Ground Review, and Visions International.

BIRHAN KESKIN was born in Kirklareli, Turkey, in 1963. She graduated from Istanbul University in 1986 with a degree in sociology. Her first poems began to appear in 1984. From 1995 to 1998 she was joint editor of the small magazine Gocebe. She has since worked as an editor for a number of prominent publishing houses in Istanbul. Her books include: Delilirikler (1991), Bakarsın Uzgün Donerim (1994), Cinayet Kisi + Iki Mektup (1996), Yirmi Lak Tablet + Yolcunun Siyah Bavulu (1999), and Yeryüzü Halleri (2002). These five books were collected by Metis Publishing into Kim Bagislayacak Beni (2005). Metis published two further collections, Ba (2005) and Y'ol (2006). Birhan Keskin was the 2005 winner of Turkey's prestigious Golden Orange Award for Ba.

TAKARAI KIKAKU (1661-1707, also known as Enomoto Kikaku) was one of Basho's leading disciples. He edited two of the major anthologies through which the Basho School earned its reputation, including Minashiguri (Shriveled Chestnuts, 1683), and wrote the preface for a third--Saruminosho (Monkey's Straw Raincoat, 1691). Kikaku's poetry is known for its wit and for its difficulty. His poetry is characterized by wordplay, allusions, and juxtapositions of images that defy easy explanation. At the time of his death, he was perhaps the leading poet in Edo (modern Tokyo).

ALFRED KOLLERITSCH was born in 1931 in Austria and earned a doctorate at the University of Graz with a thesis on Martin Heidegger In 1960 he founded a pioneering, experimental literary magazine, Manuskripte. In 1958 he co-founded the Forum Stadpark artists' association in Graz, and held the office of President from 1968 to 1995. Poet, essayist, novelist and short-story writer, Kolleritsch is a crusader against totalitarianism and fascism, and constraints that diminish human life. He has been awarded the Styrian Literature Prize (1976), the Petrara Prize (1978), the Georg Trakl Prize for Lyric Poetry (1987), the Austrian State Prize for Culgtural Journalism (1994), and the Horst Bienek Prize for Lyric Poetry (2005).

TAJA KRAMBERGER has published four books of poetry,: Marzipan (1997), The Sea Says (1999), Velvet Indigo (2004) and Mobilizations (2004). She translates poetry, prose and scientific texts from French, Italian, English and Spanish. She lives in Koper, Slovenia.

PHILIP KRUMMRICH is Professor of Comparative Literature and Chair of English, Foreign Languages and Philosophy at Morehead State University in Kentucky. He has previously published translations of medieval Portuguese legends in the Spring 2005 issue of Metamorphoses, a translation of a volume of some of the late poems of Fernando Pessoa, and The Hero and Leander Theme in Iberian Literature, 1500-1800: An Anthology of Translations.

JEAN DE LA FONTAINE (1621-1695), who has been called "l'Homere des Francais," died more than 300 years ago, yet his Fables, first published in 1668 and 1678, continue to be appreciated for their charm and worldly wisdom.  Drawing first upon the classical models of Aesop and Phaedrus, he gradually expanded the range of his sources and also brought in topical allusions to both the domestic affairs of the court of Louis XIV and France's role on the larger world stage.  Indeed, the shrewdness of his insights makes them applicable even today. Though he was perceived by his contemporaries as absentminded and unable to manage his own affairs, he never lacked patrons who supported him.  Fable XIX of Book VIII, "L'avantage de la science," explicitly celebrates the superiority of his kind of intelligence and wit over that of men seemingly more important and successful.

INGRID LANSFORD is a writer and translator who grew up in Denmark and Germany. She has published translations from German and Danish to English and English to German in magazines and journals. In 2004 she received the The American Scandinavian Foundation's Leif and Inger Sjoberg Prize for her translation of seven of Meir Aron Goldschmidt's Love Stories from Many Lands.

ALEXIS LEVITIN has published over twenty books of translation, including Forbidden Words: Selected Poetry of Eugenio de Andrade (New Directions, 2003). Levitin's translation of Guernica by Carlos de Oliveira (from which Metamorphoses published a 24-poem sequence called "Stalactite") was published in 2004 by Guernica Editions of Toronto. During the last quarter century, Levitin has published over 50 of Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen's poems in two anthologies and over twenty literary magazines, including Metamorphoses 13.2 (fall 2005). His most recent books are a co-translation into Portuguese of Wallace Stevens' Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction, published in February, 2007 by Relogio d'Agua in Lisbon and And Other Stories by Georgi Gospodinov, co-translated from the Bulgarian, published in August 2007 by Northwestern University Press. He is currently working on the poetry of three contemporary Brazilian poets: Astrid Cabral, Salgado Maranhão, and Leonor Cabral.

ERIK LIDDELL holds a Ph.D. in Comparative Literature from the University of Toronto and teaches Early Modern Studies at the University of King's College in Halifax, Nova Scotia. He has written on Statius, Vergil, Rousseau and Melville and has been a contributor to the Collaborative Translation Project for the Encyclopedie of Diderot and d'Alembert.

YANN LOVELOCK lives and works in Birmingham, England. In addition to numerous collections of his own poetry and scholarly work, he has published translations from French, Dutch, Walloon, Flemish, Urdu, Spanish, and Danish and held guest editorships, notably for Modern Poetry in Translation (University of London) Dutch & Flemish issue 1997. As a Buddhist, he has been widely involved in educational work and inter-faith dialogue.

CARLY MABERRY, editorial and production assistant and web mistress for Metamorphoses, is a senior English major at Smith College. After working as a STRIDE intern at the Poetry Center at Smith College, she spent a year as a student in Cork, Ireland. She has studied French, German and Irish. Her senior project focuses on Sylvia Plath and identity.

GEORGE MESSO is a poet, translator, and editor. His books include From the Pine Observatory (2000), Aradaki Ses (The In-between Voice, 2005), Entrances (2006) and Avrupa'nm Kucuk Tanrilari (The Little Gods of Europe, 2007). His translation of Ilhan Berk's selected poems, A Leaf About to Fall, was published by Salt in 2006. His translations of I'll be at the Birds' Birthday and The Book of Things by Ilhan Berk are due in 2008 from Shearman Books and Salt Publishing respectively. He is the editor of Near East Review.

J. DERRICK McCLURE, MBE, has taught for over thirty years in the English Department at Aberdeen University, specializing in Scottish literature and the history of the Scots language. His publications include monographs on the North-East dialect of Scots and the language of modern Scots poetry, as well as numerous articles and conference papers on Scottish linguistic and literary topics; and he is editor of the annual journal Scottish Language and Chairman of the Forum for Research in the Languages of Scotland and Ulster.  His published translations are principally from modern Gaelic poetry, but he has also translated work by Cecco Angiolieri and Frederic Mistral.

LYDIA MIRANDA ORAM holds a B.A. in Spanish language and literature from Smith College, an M.A. in Italian from Columbia University and an M.Phil. in Comparative Literature from New York University, where she is a doctoral student in Comparative Literature and Film Studies, with a dissertation on the representation of the Mafia in Italian and American film. In addition to critical articles on Italian literature, she has published translations from Spanish and Italian.

IZTOK OSOJNIK has published 18 books of poetry, 4 novels, and a collection of literary essays. His most recent poetry publications are Gospod Danes (Mister Today) and Pesmi Nica (Poems of Nothing). The English translation of his Mister Today was published by Jacaranda Press in 2003. His work has received many awards and has been translated into many languages. He has translated poetry from Chinese, English, Spanish and Croatian. For several years he was the director of the International Literary Festival at Vilenica. Now a free-lance writer and translator, he lives in Ljubjlana, Slovenia.

THALIA PANDIRI, editor-in-chief of Metamorphoses since 1999, is Professor of Classics and Comparative Literature at Smith College. She has published translations from medieval Latin, Greek, Italian and French, and is particularly interested in Italian neodialect poetry and in Greek-based dialects of southern Italy. She is currently working on survivor narratives from the Asia Minor Catastrophe of 1922 and orally transmitted folk tales from nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Asia Minor.

SERGE PEY was born in Toulouse in 1950. He writes his texts on sticks and he realizes ritual installations of poems. Writer, teacher, oral improviser, he divides his time between Toulouse and Mexico. Serge Pey is also the founder of the Direct Poetry Festival, and of the reviews Tribu and Emeute. He has published over a dozen books, notably La definition de l'aigle, Notre Dame la noire ou l'Evangile du Serpent, La mere du cercle. http://www.wizya.net/pey.htm

BARBARA POGACNIK is a Slovenian poet and translator whose poems have been published or are forthcoming in Literatura, Nova Revija, Apokalipsa, Sodobnost in Slovenia, VERSUs/m ( Romania) and Profemina (Belgrade). Her poetry collection Inundations is just out from Mladinska knjiga in Slovenia. She lives in Ljubjlana, Slovenia.

HEIDELINDE PRUGER was born in Vienna in 1973, earned the degree of Mag. phil. from the University of Klagenfurt with first-class honors in 1998, and is a doctoral student at the University of Edinburgh. Her fields of specialization are Scottish and Austrian literature, and she has received scholarships, prizes and honors for her work. Her first collection of poems, Bilder einer Stimme, was published in 1999 by Bibliothek der Provinz. Her study of William Soutar, The Righteousness of Life, was nominated for the Saltire Scottish First Book of the Year Award. She has published critical articles on a range of authors and subjects, and edited Alex Galloway, At the Year's Fa : Selected Poems in Scots and English (2000).

ROCIO QESPI (ROCIO QUISPE-AGNOLI) is Assistant professor of Colonial and Postcolonial Latin American Studies at the Department of Spanish and Portuguese at Michigan State University. She is also Core Faculty of the Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies and Women in Development. She earned a M.A. in Sciences du Langage in the Department of Linguistics at the University of Toulouse II, and an A.M. and Ph.D. in Hispanic Studies at Brown University. She has received several research grants and fellowships from the Taiwan Government, Spain's Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion Internacional, Brown University, the Newberry Library, the Universidad de Salamanca, the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Escuela de Estudios Hispanoamericanos de Sevilla.  La fe indigena en la escritura: asimilacion y resistencia en los Andes coloniales (Lima: Universidad de San Marcos Press, 2006) led to public presentations/interviews on Peru's NPR and TV. In 2006 she also edited a special issue of Cuaderno Internacional de Estudios Hispanicos y Linguistica entitled Beyond the Convent: Colonial Women's Voices and Daily Challenges in Spanish America. As a writer of short fiction, she has received the Atenea literary award (Salamanca, Spain 1999) for El cementerio de Acari, also the first finalist in the Ana Maria Matute Literary Competition (Madrid, Spain 1999).  It has been published in the collection Ellas tambien cuentan (Madrid: Torremozas, 2001). El cuarto mandamiento received La Regenta literary award for short fiction (Salamanca 1999) and it has been published in Writing Towards Hope (New Haven: Yale UP, 2006). A collection of her short stories is slated to be published in Peru (Mundo Ajeno).

PRIMOZ REPAR's poetry collections include There is a Tiny Web Beyond the Word (1994), Book of Prayers (1995) and The Alchemy of a Heartbeat (1998). His book Essays about the Apocalypse was published in 2000. He is the chief editor of the cultural journal Apokalipsa and lives in Ljubljana, Slovenia.

CLAY RESNICK lives in Boston.

JEANNETTE SHULENBERGER ROGERS is a writer, translator and editor who lives in Raleigh, North Carolina.  She is writing a historical fiction novel that is set during the era of the troubadours and the Crusades; the novel includes a dozen troubadour songs which Rogers is translating.  Rogers met modern Occitan poet Miquel Decor in 2004 when she was in France seeking ways to learn Occitan.  This translation effort has been mutually beneficial, since working with Decor's poetry has helped her learn Oc.  Also, Miquel Decor is well-versed in the topic of Rogers' novel and has answered nagging questions and done research when the questions have been too obscure--an invaluable aid to any writer of historical fiction.  In addition, Jeannette Rogers is a nontraditional student of English, French and Medieval History at Meredith College and is extremely grateful for the support she has received from Meredith for numerous writing and translation projects.

HANS SACHS was born in Nuremberg in 1494. After an apprenticeship as a shoemaker, he became a Meistersinger, and had a very successful career as a poet and playwright. He is the subject of one of Wagner's operas. He died in Nuremberg in 1576.

WOLFDIETRICH SCHNURRE (1920-1989), a German post-war author of the generation of Ingeborg Bachmann, Heinrich Boll and Siegfried Lenz, is best known today for his book of Berlin stories, When Father's Beard Was Red (Als Vaters Bart noch rot war, 1958). Co-founder of his country's literary Group 47 two years after WWII, he published poems, short stories influenced by American writers, novellas, a novel, and several books for children, as well as essays, theater and film criticism, radio plays and TV scripts. Schnurre won numerous literary prizes, including the prestigious Buchner Prize for 1983.

WILL SHEARIN recently completed a dissertation on speech acts in Lucretius' De rerum natura ("On the Nature of Things") at the University of California, Berkeley.  He currently teaches at the University of Oregon.

JEAN M. SNOOK is Associate Professor of German at Memorial University of Newfoundland. She has translated Else Lasker-Schuler's Concert (University of Nebraska Press, 1994), Luise Rinser's Abelard's Love (University of Nebraska Press, 1998), Evelyn Grill's Winter Quarters (Ariadne Press, 2004), and Gert Jonke's Homage to Czerny: Studies for a Virtuoso Technique (Dalkey Active Press, 2008) .

JAN SONNERGAARD was born in 1963 and grew up in Virum near Copenhagen. He completed a Master's degree in literary studies and philosophy at Copenhagen University. In 1997 he burst upon the Danish literary scene with the short story collection Radiator, which soon also appeared in German, Italian, Norwegian, and Icelandic. His next collection, Sidste sondag i oktober, came out in 2000, and Jeg er stadig bange for Caspar Michael Petersen three years later, all with Gyldendal. An edition combining the three volumes was issued as Trilogien in 2004 and subsequently came out in Dutch. Since then Sonnergaard has published several new stories and produced a play, "Liv og dod pa Cafe Olfert Fischer," which was performed in fall 2006. He currently lives and writes in Copenhagen.

CARLOS TRIGUEIRO was born in Manaus, Brazil in 1943.  He is the author of three novels, O Clube dos Feios, O Livro das Ciumes, and O Livro dos Desmandamentos, as well as a book-length memoir, Memorias da Liberdade.  He is a recipient of the Premio Malba Tahan, awarded by the Academia Carioca de Letras/Uniao Brasileira de Escritores for O Livro das Ciumes, and the Premio Adonias Filho for his latest work, O Livro dos Desmandamentos.  Retired in 1996 from a 32-year career at Banco do Brasil, where he served as a senior officer in locales as disparate as Rome, Macau, Madrid and Chicago, he currently resides in Rio de Janeiro, where he devotes himself to writing fiction full-time. www.carlostrigueiro.com. 

RYUICHIRO UTSUMI was born in Nagoya in 1937 and grew up in Ichinoseki, Iwate. His debut novel, Setsudou nite, won the Bungakukai Prize for New Writers in 1969. He has been nominated for the Akutagawa Prize and the Naoki Prize. He currently lives in Niiza, Saitama. Toshiya Kamei has published translations of his stories in Alimentum and Yomimono.

FRANCOIS VILLON (1431-1463?), whose poetry represents some of the most enduring lyrics in French literature, was a graduate of the Sorbonne, and a cleric; he was also a murderer and a thief, imprisoned on at least three occasions. His criminal activities are known mainly from police records of the period. Sentenced to be hanged along with accomplices for a robbery in 1456, he was spared by a parliamentary decree in 1463 and banished from Paris for ten years.

PATRICK WILLIAMSON is an English poet and translator, born in Madrid in 1960 and currently living near Paris, France. He has published In memory of my Grandfather (Libanus Press, 1986) and three chapbooks, Lobster Eating, Fishy Tales and FIP the English Equivalent with the Macan Press in 1997,1998 and 2003, and Prussia Cove, Palores Publications, 2007. He has translated Yves Bonnefoy and Jacques Dupin among others, and most recently edited an colllection of selected poems of the Tunisian poet Tahar Bekri (Inconnues Saisons/Unknown Seasons, L'Harmattan, 1999) and of the Quebecois poet Gilles Cyr (The Graph of Roads, to appear with Guernica Editions, Toronto). In 1995 and 2003, he was an invited poet at the Festival International de Poesie a Trois-Rivieres, Quebec. He is the editor of Quarante et un poetes de Grande-Bretagne (Ecrits des Forges/Le Temps de Cerises, 2003). http://www.festrad.com/fichiers/pswillisn.html

MORGAN WOOLSEY, editorial and production assistant, is a senior at Smith College and a free-lance sound recording technician. Her senior honors thesis, Sound and Gender in the Horror Film, combines her studies as a major in Women and Gender Studies and a music minor.