GEORGE SCHOOLFIELD is Professor Emeritus of German and Scandinavian Literatures at Yale University.

SOLVEIG VON SCHOULTZ (1907-1996) Belonged to the small minority of Swedish speaking families in Finland. In 1995 she told a reporter: "I am looking for the immediate expression that simultaneously is ambiguous and nuanced, a sorting out of all things unnecessary and loose ...to find a language that is identical with what I want to say..." She wrote sixteen collections of poetry, eight collections of short stories, two novels, a biography of her mother and drama for the stage, radio and television. The poems included here are from a collection published the year she died, at the age of 90.

NINA M. SCOTT is Professor of Spanish and Graduate Program Director in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. She is a specialist on Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, and has published a translation of Autobiography and of the early novel, Sab, of the nineteenth century Cuban writer Gertrudis Gomez de Avellaneda (University of Texas Press, 1993). She also published the bilingual anthology, Madres del Verbo/Mothers of the Word. Early Spanish American Women Writers (University of New Mexico Press, 1999) which covers works from 1556 to 1867.

GIACOMO SCOTTI (1928- ) Born in Naples, he settled in Fiume (Istria) in 1947. He published his first poetry collection in 1963, the beginning of his prolific and versatile literary production: poet, novelist, essayist, historian, reporter, editor, with more than a hundred publications to his credit. His account of Tito's gulag, Goli Otok, in which many Italians were imprisoned, first came out in 1991 and has gone through three editions and subsequent reprints. He has published both in Italian and in Serbo-Croatian.

MADELEINE DE SCUDERY (1607-1701), was a novelist and salonnière known in her circle as "Sapho". Her romance novels, some of which were published under the name of her brother Georges de Scudéry, include Ibrahim, ou l’illustre Bassa (1641), Artaméneou le grand Cyrus (1649-53), Clélie, histoire romaine (1654-60) and Almahide, ou l'Esclsave-reine (1660-63). These were enormously popular throughout the seventeeth century; their characters are said to be portraits of her contemporaries.

Born in Algeria when it was still a French colony, LEILA SEBBAR moved to France at the age of seventeen. Between 1978 and 2002, she published ten novels, four collections of short stories and four books of essays. Her work often deals with Algerian women who have immigrated to Europe, themes of identity and exile. Her essays include On tue les petites filles (They Are Killing Little Girls), 1980; and Lettres parisiennes: autopsie de l'exil, 1986, 1999 (with Nancy Huston). Her novel Le Silence des rives won the Prix Kateb Yacine in 1993.

GEORGE SEFERIS (1900 to 1971), one of Greece’s foremost poets of the twentieth century, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1963. Known also for his essays, diaries, and one novel, Seferis had a distinguished diplomatic career, which culminated in his position as Ambassador to Great Britain.

JAROSLAV SEIFERT (1901-1986) Czech poet and Nobel Prize winner (1984).

DIANA SENECHAL began translating Tomas Venclova's poetry in 1989. She is currently completing her dissertation at Yale University on Nikolai Gogol, and lives in San Francisco, where she works in legal CD-ROM publishing and engages in writing, music, and computer programming.

BORIS SEREBRENNIKOV Russian writer and TV documentary producer now living in Springfield, MA.

CARL SESAR holds a degree in Greek and Latin, and a doctorate in Chinese and Japanese. His publications include Poems to Eat, translations of the modern Japanese tanka poet Ishikawa Takuboku, and Selected Poems of Catullus, translations of the ancient Roman lyric poet Gaius Valerius Catullus. He is at work on a second book of Takuboku’s poems.

ANNE SEXTON (1928-1974) became a poet after suffering from post-partum depression and enrolling in a poetry workshop at the Boston Center for Adult Education. She won the Pulitzer Prize in 1967 for her collection Live or Die. She is the author of numerous volumes of poetry including: To Bedlam and Part Way Back (1960), and 45 Mercy Street (1976), the last volume published before her suicide in 1974.

ELIF SHAFAK was born in Strasbourg, France, in 1971. She spent her teenage years in Spain, before returning to Turkey. Her first novel, Pinhan  (The Sufi) which she published at age 27, was awarded the Rumi Prize—a recognition given to best works in mystical/transcendental literature.. The novel tells the story of a hermaphrodite mystic—a little known but revered tradition—inside the Sufi orders. Her second novel, The Mirrors of the City, is about a Sephardic Jew who moves to 17th century Istanbul after being expelled from Spain, and about estrangement and deterritorialization.  Titled Mahrem (The Sacred), her third novel is about the gaze, the sacred, and the body that must search for its elusive autonomy while being encroached upon by the gazes of others; it received the Turkish Novel Award. Her fourth novel, The Flea Palace, weaves together the stories of all the inhabitants of an apartment building to develop the theme of visible and unseen degradation—moral, physical, social and cultural—lived in the heart of the aging and beautiful city of Istanbul. In three months the book sold over 22 000 copies. All of her novels have been reprinted multiple times, and her work is being translated into German, Greek and English.  A political scientist who specializes in Gender and Women’s Studies, Shafak is also a scholar, media critic and journalist. Most recently she was a visiting scholar at the Five College Women’s Studies Research Center in South Hadley in 2002-2003, and she is at present a visiting scholar teaching at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor.  

NORMAN R. SHAPIRO, Professor of Romance Languages and Literatures at Wesleyan University and Writer-in-Residence at Adams House, Harvard, is a widely published translator of French theater, poetry, and prose. Among his many works are Négritude: Black Poetry from Africa and the Caribbean, Four Farces by Georges Feydeau, The Fabulists French, Selections from 'Les Fleurs du Mal' of Baudelaire, several volumes of the fables and tales of La Fontaine, and, most recently, two dramas by the Francophone American Creole, Victor Sejour. He has received the MLA's Scaglione Prize for his translations of Paul Verlaine and various other honors.

K. SHAVER was, for more than twenty years, CEO of advertising and of the public relations firms she founded. Her commitment to civic and professional involvement has included directorships and other leadership roles, and she was Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Spalding University. Since 1993, as a business consultant and trainer, she has been assisting private companies in Romania and Russia to understand and implement sound business and marketing practices. She has taught senior level graphic design at the University of Louisville and pursued her interests in creative writing, theatrical costuming, piano studies and portraiture.

WILL SHEARIN recently completed a dissertation on speech acts in Lucretius' De rerum natura ("On the Nature of Things") at the University of California, Berkeley. He currently teaches at the University of Oregon.

KAZUKO SHIRAISHI (1931- ) is one of Japan's foremost poets. She has published more than twenty books of poetry (the first, The Town That Rains Eggs, at the age of twenty in 1951), and numerous volumes of essays. A member of the VOU surrealist group as a very young student, in the sixties she emerged as an independent voice, a proponent of freedom of expression, and of uninhibited spiritual and sexual liberation. She began a jazz-poetry revolution in Japan, influenced by such poets as Kenneth Rexroth and Allen Ginsberg. In 1975, New Directions published Seasons of Sacred Lust, a volume of translations of her poetry edited by Kenneth Rexroth. A volume of her poetry in German translation, with an introduction by Gunter Kunert, has appeared earlier this year in Berlin. She has been invited to many international poetry festivals and conferences throughout the world and has been the recipient of many prestigious awards.

MURANO SHIRO (1901-1975) is regarded in Japan as a Modernist poet, whose poetry is often characterized by a satirical stance rare in Japanese poetry. in a celebrated volume on sports, the poet sees athletes as trapped in a mechanistic world. Throughout his life the poet attempted to insulate himself from the sentimental tendency in much Japanese poetry. As an undergraduate student, he opted for a major in Economics and German; afterwards he pursued a satisfying career in business.

MARCI SHORE is a doctoral student in Modern Eastern European History at Stanford University. She translates from Czech and Polish.

CAROLYN SHREAD is a Ph.D. candidate in French at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, after degrees at the University of Sussex, UK and St. Anne’s College, Oxford. Several of her academic translations in the field of economics have been published by Routledge, UK. Her MA dissertation "Translating the Matrix: The Process of Metamorphoses in the Notebooks of Bracha Lichtenberg Ettinger" appeared in Versus (Leeds, UK, 1994) and an interview with Francophone author Nancy Huston was published by Sites, Vol. 2, Fall 1998. In 1992, her article "The Marché de la poésie: the Rendez-vous of France’s Small Press" was published by Professional Translator and Interpreter. Her poems have been published in the British small press.

MAURICE Z. SHRODER holds a Ph.D. from Harvard University and has taught at Harvard University, the University of Rochester, and Barnard College/Columbia University. His published works include Icarus: The Image of the Artist in French Romanticism, essays on Balzac, Flaubert, and the Nouveau Roman, and many reviews. He collaborated with Patricia Terry on translations of four Mallarmé poems which were published in Stéphane Mallarmé: Selected Poetry and Prose, edited by Mary Ann Caws (New Directions, 1982.) Their collaboration includes the cook’s aid, Kitchen Tables and Cooking Hints. He has also worked as a narrator for Talking Books and as a computer consultant.

ANDY SHUPALA majored in Philosophy and Chinese languages and literature at Ohio State University, and subsequently studied Creative Writing and took masters degrees in Social Work and in English Composition and rhetoric. He has taught ESL in Jiangxhi, China, at Gannan State Teachers College, and is about to embark on a doctoral program in Education.

RIBKA SIBHATU was born in 1962 in Asmara (Eritrea). In 1978 she served a one-year prison sentence under Menghista Salemariam's regime; she was forced to go into exile, but she was imprisoned again by the ex-guerilla warriors of the Eritrean lowland, where she lived for one-and-a-half years. In 1981 she was able to reach Ethiopia, and in 1985 she received her high school diploma in Addis Abeba. She was married in 1986 and fled to France, first to Paris and then to Lyons, where her daughter Sara was born. She then moved to Rome, where she earned a degree in Modern Languages and Literatures from La Sapienza University and is now completing a Doctorate in Comparative Literature. She has participated in several cultural events as a jury member, workshop facilitator, and guest speaker. Some of her poems have been included in the anthology Quaderno africano I, which belongs to the Cittadini della poesia series (Firenze: Loggia de' Lanzi, 1998). She has also published a poetry collection, Aulò, Canto poesia dell'Eritrea (Roma: Sinnos, 1993).

AURA SIBISAN is a lecturer at the Unversity of Brasov in Romania, where she teaches American Studies.

AISSATA G. SIDIKOU is Assistant Professor in the Department of Romance Languages and French at Princeton University. Her research focuses on African women’s oral narratives and she has recently published Recreating words, Reshaping Worlds: The Verbal Art of Women from Niger, Mali, and Senegal (Africa World Press, 2001).

LEIF SJOBERG (1925-2000) was formerly Professor of Scandinavian Studies and Comparative Literatures at SUNY Stony Brook. He translated Gunnar Ekelöf (with W.H. Auden), Tranströmer (with May Swenson) and many other Swedish poets. Aniara, an epic Science Fiction Poem (with Stephen Klass) was published by Story Line Press in 1999. He was interviewed by Eva Claeson in Metamorphoses vol.1, No.2.

JAN SKACEL (1922-1989) In his landscapes, Skácel is no less mystical than his fellow Moravian Reynek, even if he apprehends the natural world with a pagan sense of its awesome strangeness. Despite the years spent as editor of the literary journal Host do Domu, in Brno, Skácel was a loner, impervious to the dictates of artistic trends. Surrounded by silence, his poems burrow under history to reach arcane territories inhabited by myth. His strategy of radical subtraction aims at creating a form of absolute transparency to let through being with the immediacy of a physical sighting. In the last year of his life, Skácel received the Petrarca Prize for Poetry and the Prize for Central European Literature. He died ten days before the Velvet Revolution. We are indebted to Promeny (27/1/1990) for the Czech text of the Lethean quatrain, the poet's epitaph, and for the Teiresias poem. The other poems come from Noc s Vestonickou Venusi (A Night With the Venus of Vestonice, 1990).

ADAM SMALL, a prolific South African writer, has to his credit several plays, collections of poetry, and philosophical treatises. His works have been translated into French, Dutch, and German, and his plays have been performed in South Africa and the USA. Born in 1936, he retired recently from his position as Senior Professor and Head of the Department of Social Work at the University of the Western Cape. In the early 1990’s, Small was awarded the Order of Excellent Service (Gold) by then President de Klerk and was selected for membership in the South African Academy of Science and Art. His publications include: Krismis van Map Jacobs (1983); Heidesee (1978); The Orange Earth (Drama, 1978); Joanie Galant-hulle (1978); Oh Wide and Sad Land (Poetry, 1973); Oos Wes Tuis Bes Distrik Ses (1967); Se Sjibbolet (1965); Kitaar My Kruis (1963); Die Eerste Steen (1961); Klein Simbool (Poetry, 1958); Verse van die Liefde (1957).

CURTIS SMALL has a Ph.D. in French Studies from New York University, and is a specialist in French and Caribbean literature. He teaches at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.

VENIAMIN SMEKHOV is an actor, director, and writer. He has appeared in countless roles on stage and screen including Woland and Claudius in Liubimov’s productions of Master and Margarita and Hamlet at the Taganka Theater. He has published numerous studies on theater and is the author and producer of an ongoing series on Russian television, “The Theater of My Memory.” Most recently, he directed the operas Queen of Spades at the Prague National Theater and Falstaff in Lubeck. He will teach a course on contemporary Russian drama in the Department of Russian at Smith College in fall 2002.

CAROLYN SMITH's interest in Greek lyric poetry stems from her early years in a Foreign Service family, which included postings to Rome and Athens. She received a B.A. in Classical Civilization from Oberlin College and an M.A. in Classics from New York University. A freelance writer and editor living in New York City, she is a member of the Vera Lachmann Reading Group, which meets regularly to translate and discuss the Homeric epics.

DONNY SMITH’s poems and translations have appeared in Calapooya, Coe Review, Connecticut Review, Lilliput Review, Natural Bridge, Poet Lore, Sinister Wisdom, and elsewhere. Section 7 of “Gorgon” was previously published in 580 Split. His academic articles have appeared in Art Documentation, Alternative Library Literature, and Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery & Information Supply. He is a librarian at Indiana State University.

NATHANIEL SMITH has taught French and other Romance languages at Smith College, the University of Georgia, and Boston University. Now an administrator at Franklin and Marshall College (Lancaster PA), he teaches an annual first-year seminar in reading and writing poetry. He has written several books on medieval literature, and published poems and translations in many journals, including Catalan Review, Chelsea, Edge City Review, Exchanges, International Poetry Review, The Lyric, Metamorphoses, Paintbrush, Paragraph, Potpourri, The Prose Poem, Seneca Review, Sparrow, and Visions International.

PAMELA J. OLUBUNMI SMITH is Associate Professor at the University of Nebraska at Omaha where she teaches English Composition, Humanities and Women’s Studies courses in the Goodrich Scholarship Program and in the English Department. She holds a Ph.D. in Comparative literature and her research interests are in translation, Yorùbá language and literature, Anglophone and Francophone African and Caribbean literatures and Commonwealth literature. She is currently Secretary of the Association of African Women Scholars.

STEVEN K. SMITH is Associate Director of Global Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. A former contract interpreter for the US State Department, Smith has worked on a wide variety of translations and interpretations. He is also currently completing his dissertation in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese at Madison, on contemporary activist theater in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

JEAN M. SNOOK is Associate Professor of German at Memorial University of Newfoundland. She has translated Else Lasker-Schüler’s Concert (University of Nebraska Press, 1994), Luise Rinser’s Abelard’s Love (University of Nebraska Press, 1998), Evelyn Grill’s Winter Quarters (Ariadne Press, 2004), and Gert Jonke’s Homage to Czerny: Studies for a Virtuoso Technique (Dalkey Archive Press, 2008).

ANATOLY SOBCHAK Presently the mayor of St. Petersburg, Russia. He was among the dissident intellectuals demanding major political changes in the country's political system, which ultimately led to the dissolution of the Soviety Union.

CHAE-PYONG SONG, Assistant Professor of English at Marygrove College in Detroit, Michigan, has taught postcolonial literatures in English, Asian literature, and literary theory. He has published on Salman Rushdie, J.M. Coetzee, and English education in the age of globalization. He has also served as a columnist for Literature and Thought, a monthly literary review published in Korea.

JAN SONNERGAARD was born in 1963 and grew up in Virum near Copenhagen. He completed a Master's degree in literary studies and philosophy at Copenhagen University. In 1997 he burst upon the Danish literary scene with the short story collection Radiator, which soon also appeared in German, Italian, Norwegian, and Icelandic. His next collection, Sidste søndag i oktober, came out in 2000, and Jeg er stadig bange for Caspar Michael Petersen three years later, all with Gyldendal. An edition combining the three volumes was issued as Trilogien in 2004 and subsequently came out in Dutch. Since then Sonnergaard has published several new stories and produced a play, “Liv og død på Café Olfert Fischer,” which was performed in fall 2006. He currently lives and writes in Copenhagen.

GORAN SONNEVI (1939- ) has published fourteen individual books of poems in addition to three collections, and he has translated the poetry of Ezra Pound, Paul Celan, Osip Mandelstam, and others into Swedish. He has won numerous awards and has received a life-time grant from the Swedish government, bestowed on 125 artists in honor of their contributions to the nation’s culture. The first full book-length selection of his poetry in English was published in 1993 under the title A Child is Not a Knife: Selected Poems of Göran Sonnevi, edited and translated by Rika Lesser.

ADAM J. SORKIN has published 13 books of translation and numerous poets and poems in over 200 literary journals. Recent books include Sea-Level Zero, poems by Daniela Crasnaru, from BOA Editions (1999); The Triumph of the Water Witch, prose poems by Ioana Ieronim from Bloodaxe (2000); and Bebop Baby by Mircea Cartarescu in the Poetry New York series (1999). His collaborative translation with Christina Illias-Zarifopol of Marta Petreu poems won the 1999 Kenneth Rexroth Memorial Translation Prize, and Liliana Ursu’s The Sky Behind the Forest (Bloodaxe, 1997, with Ursu and Tess Gallagher) was short-listed for the Weidenfeld Prize. His translations of Stanescu's poems are out or forthcoming in The Temple and the Canadian literary magazine, Filling Station.

FERNANDO SORRENTINO is an active and well known Argentine writer, contributing to journals, newspapers, and e-zines as well as publishing books. His novel Sanitary Centennial, is available in English, as are numerous short stories that have appeared in anthologies or on various websites. He has also published two books of interviews: Siete conversaciones con Jorge Luis Borges (1974) and Siete conversaciones con Adolfo Bioy Casares (1992). He contributes essays on a regular basis to the Buenos Aires daily La Nación and to Trujamán, a Spanish online journal specializing in issues related to literary translation. A new collection of his short stories is coming out soon in Spain.

ERSI SOTIROPOULOS is a fiction writer and poet from Greece. She has published ten books of fiction, seven of which are novels, and one book of poetry. Her novel Zigzag Through the Bitter-Orange Trees was the first novel to win both the Greek National Literature Prize and the Book Critics Award. It was subsequently translated into French, Spanish, German, Swedish, and English. In addition to her fiction and poetry, Sotiropoulos has written scripts for film and television and participated in exhibitions of visual poetry. She lives in Athens.

MILADA SOUCKOVÁ (born Prague, 1899, died Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1983) Novelist, short story writer, poet and literary scholar, Soucková was the most complete and cosmopolitan Czech woman of letters in her time. Her literary career runs the span of years represented by the nine poets in her section. In 1934, her novella, První Písmena (First Letters), immediately admitted her into the Prague Linguistic Circle. Her experiments with the novelistic form anticipate the postmodernist assault on the narrative line. The poems presented here come from her last volume of verse, Sesity Josefiny Rykrové (The Notebooks of Josephine Rykrová, 1981). In a prose coda to another poem in the collection she writes (in English, next to her Czech poem): "Since I was a teenager I wanted to be a writer. I preferred prose and I never though I could write poetry. I preferred prose because it spoke of people other than myself." Yet she did write poetry, publishing five volumes during her years in Cambridge. The Notebooks, the most original of them, cast autobiography into a form that mixes poetry with prose comment, in a mutual exchange of attributes. The speaker, moving in and out of her chosen persona, notes the patina on lived-in things and places, searching for the elusive present through layers of memory.

KARIN SPEEDY has recently completed a doctorate in French Studies and currently teaches French at the University of Auckland in New Zealand. Her research interests include French and Creole linguistics, cross-cultural communications and literary translation.

SAVIANA STANESCU was born in Bucharest in 1967. A unique dramatic voice, postmodern, feminist, humorous, and sly, she is a poet and playwright; she is also a drama critic, a cultural journalist with a TV talk show, and an editor at the Romanian Literature Museum, Bucharest. Stanescu has published two books of poetry, Love on Barbed Wire (1994) and Advice for Housewives and Muses (1996), one book of what the author calls a "stagy poem," Outcast (1997), as well as a play, The Inflatable Apocalypse (2000), which won Best Play of the Year in Bucharest. Her dramatic works have been performed or presented as readers’ theater in Bucharest, Cluj, Galati, and Tîrgu Mures, Romania; Ruhr and Munich, Germany; and Paris. After grants in England and Vienna, she is coming to NYU this fall on a Fulbright fellowship in performance studies.

CARMINE STARNINO is a Montreal poet, critic, and editor. Forthcoming in 2004 are his book of criticism on Canadian poetry, A Lover’s Quarrel, from Porcupine’s Quill Press, and, from Gaspereau Press, his third book of poems, With English Subtitles. Carmine’s first book, The New World (Vehicule Press, 1997), was nominated for the 1997 QSPELL A.M. Klein Prize for Poetry, the 1998 Gerald Lampert Memorial Award for best first book, and was selected by Quill & Quire as one of the best Canadian books of 1997. His second book, Credo (McGill-University Press, 2000), won the 2001 Canadian Authors Association Prize for Poetry and the 2001 David McKeen Award for Poetry. His poems, reviews, and essays have appeared in a large number of national and international publications. Since 2001 he is also the poetry editor for Vehicule Press’s Signal Editions.

The Roman poet STATIUS (PUBLIUS PAPINIUS STATIUS) was born at Naples, but lived and wrote at Rome. He was roughly contemporary with the Emperor Domitian (51-96 CE), during whose reign (81-96 CE) he composed all his works. These include the Thebaid, an epic about the war between the sons of Oedipus for the throne of Thebes; the Silvae, a collection of occasional poems; and the unfinished Achilleid, an epic on the life of the hero Achilles. The Silvae celebrate the private lives and public careers of his friends and those in power, including the Emperor. Typically these are long poems and often contain marvelously detailed descriptions–one friend’s villa on a cliff overlooking the Bay of Naples, another’s villa straddling a river at Tivoli, a newly installed colossal equestrian statue of the Emperor, and so on. Statius pioneered this kind of descriptive poetry and was the first Roman poet to celebrate luxury rather than condemn it. These poems also sometimes include witty mythological vignettes in which the gods intervene in the lives of Statius’ friends, as when Venus plays matchmaker between a fellow-poet and his bride-to-be. “The Insomniac’s Prayer” (Silvae 5.4, usually titled “Sleep”) seeks divine intervention rather than telling about it, and is also unusual in being both brief and personal.

PAUL STATT holds a B.A. in European Studies from Amherst College. He has taught mathematics at the high school level, edited computer magazines, and written essays and reviews for trade publications. He is currently the director of Media Relations at Amherst College. This is his first published translation.

ILAN STAVANS Novelist and critic, teaches at Amherst College and is currently editing The Oxford Book of Latin American Essays. His books include The Hispanic Condition (Harper Collins) and The Invention of Memory and Other Stories (University of New Mexico Press).

ELENA STEFOI is the author of five books of poetry, most recently The Starting Line (1996), from which these poems are taken. Other titles include Daily Rehearsal (1986), Sketches and Stories (1989), and A Few Details (1990). Her work has been honored by the Romanian Writers’ Union and she was one of the four Romanian poets who appeared in Michael March’s groundbreaking Penguin Anthology, Child of Europe. She has been an editor of the important political-cultural journal Dilema and a correspondent for Radio France (with daily reports from Bucharest) and the French language L’Invitation in Bucharest. Until early 2000, she was General Consul at the Romanian Consulate in Montréal, Québec. Her poetry has previously appeared in English in Adam J. Sorkin’s collaborative versions in Dominion Review, Frigate, Pif Magazine, Pennsylvania English, Apostrof and Romanian Civilization.

BRITA STENDAHL (1925- ) was born and educated in Sweden. She has written biographies in English of the Danish philosopher Sören Kierkegaard and of the Swedish 19 th Century author Fredrika Bremer, she has translated poems by the Swedish 20 th century poet Gunnar Ekelöf and others, has taught and lectured (among other things) on Scandinavian literature and history and together with Krister Stendahl on the subject of Humor and Religion (1991).

MARIO RIGONI STERN was born in 1921 in Asiago, in the Veneto, the site of his novel Giacomo's Seasons. He has published eleven books with Einaudi Press. His Il sergente nella neve (Sergeant in the Snow, 1953), considered one of the great novels about the Italians at the Russian front during World War II, is widely studied in Italian schools. He has won numerous awards, including the Campiello Prize, the Pen Club Prize, and for Giacomo’s Seasons (1995) the Grinzane Cavour Prize in 1996.

ERNESTINE J. STIEBER was born and raised in Austria and lived a number of years in Switzerland. She moved to the U. S. in 1966 and graduated from Smith College in 1980 with a B. A. in French, having also studied German, Italian, and Spanish literature. She received an M. A. degree in French Language and Literature (1988) from Smith College with a thesis on ,La Voix dans la Poésie Lyrique de Marceline Desbordes-Valmore. From 1989 to 1996, she was a Lecturer in German at Smith College. Now retired, she lives in Northampton and does free-lance editorial work in German and English.

THEODOR STORM (1817-1888). His work reflects the natural environment of his native North Sea littoral. A lawyer, administrator, and later a judge, as well as a prolific writer, Storm wrote lyric poetry and prose. His early novellas are lyrical, melancholy evocations of mood; his later work, characterized by bourgeois realism, deals with the tragedy of destiny, and might be compared to Thomas Hardy’s novels.

CAMERON A. STRACHER Amherst '83; Harvard '87; U. of Iowa Writing Workshop '91. He lives in Iow City where he practices law, teaches at the College of Law and is writing a novel.

ANNA STROWE was born in Ann Arbor, MI in 1981 and began studying Italian at Smith College. She finished her undergraduate work in 2003 with a BA in Italian Language and Literature, a minor in Mathematics, and a strong interest in pursuing translation studies. In 2006 she received her MA in Translation Studies with distinction from the University of Warwick in Coventry, England. She is currently an intern at the University of Massachusetts Translation Center.

KRISTIAN SUDA Has taught at the Film Institute in Prague. He is a poet and editor of Milda Sovckova's works.

GIOVANNA SUMMERFIELD is a native of Catania, Sicily. She holds a BA in Political Sciences from the University of Maryland, an MA in French Literature and a PhD in Romance Languages from the University of Florida. Currently she is working on a book on patois and linguistic pastiche and on a translation of poems and fables by Domenico Tempio. She is Visiting Assistant Professor of Italian and French and Director of the Languages Across the Curriculum program at Auburn University.

VICTORIA SURLIUGA (1972—) grew up in Turin, Italy. She completed her undergraduate work at Mount Holyoke College, and earned an M.A. in Italian Studies from Brown University and a PhD from Rutgers University. She now teaches Italian Language and Literature at Rice University. She is the author of two poetry collections, Risposte del silenzio [Answers of Silence] (Piacenza: Farnesiana, 1994) and Allergia alla notte [Allergy to the Night] (Udine: Campanotto, 2000). She is currently writing a monograph on Giampiero Neri’s poetry.

MARIO SUSKO Born in Croatia, he has plied between his native land and the U.S., where he currently teaches at Nassau Community College. The author of poetry in his own right, he is also known for many translations of American writers and as a compiler of anthologies.

ZUHURA SWALEH was born in Karai near Nairobi in 1947, and is the first female musician in Kenya to cut a taarab music album (1982). She has toured in East Africa, Europe and the Arab Gulf; currently she lives in Kisauni, Mombasa where she continues to perform.