Marjorie Agosin: Born in Chile in 1955. Prominent human-rights activist and poet, short-story writer and editor of numerous anthologies, now teaching at Wellesley College. Her books include Circle of Madness, Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo (1991), and Dear Anna Frank (1992) among others.

Sonja Åkesson (1926 -1977) was, according to Heidi von Born, a very Swedish poet who gave us not only the very beautiful, grim, tender texts about the real Swedish landscape but also everyday reports about life in Sweden using everyday language in poetic form.

Agha Shahid Ali (1949 - 2001) was a member of the poetry faculty of the M.F.A. & Ph.D. Program in Creative Writing at the University of Utah and also taught at Hamilton College and the University of Massachusetts. He held visiting appointments at Princeton, SUNY-Binghamton, and Jammu (India). His seven collections of poetry include The Half-Inch Himalayas (Wesleyan University Press), A Walk Through the Yellow Pages (SUN/gemini Press), A Nostalgist’s Map of America (W. W. Norton), The Beloved Witness: Selected Poems (Viking Penguin), and The Country Without a Post Office (W. W. Norton), a collection that focuses on the current turmoil in his native Kashmir. He is also translator of The Rebel’s Silhouette: Selected Poems by Faiz Ahmed Faiz (University of Massachusetts Press, revised edition) as well as the author of T. S. Eliot as Editor (UMI Research Press). His poems appear regularly in Antioch Review, Chelsea, Denver Quarterly, Field, Grand Street, London Magazine, The Nation, Paris Review, Poetry, Tri-Quarterly, and Yale Review. He also edited Ravishing DisUnities: Real Ghazals in English . A recipient of Guggenheim and Ingram-Merrill fellowships, he also won fellowships from the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts, the Breadloaf Writer’s Conference, and the New York Foundation for the Arts, as well as a Pushcart Prize.

Karen Alkalay-Gut was born in London, England, during the last night of the Blitz and grew up in Rochester, New York. In 1972 she moved to Israel. She has published many books of poetry in English. Four books of her poems have also appeared in Hebrew translation. She has also translated poems from Hebrew, Yiddish and Arabic.

Ove Allansson (1932 - )worked for two decades as industrial worker, seaman, mechanic, before his debut in 1967. He has published thirty books of fiction, travelogues, and documentaries. He has received many awards and citations. His 1971 novel Ombordarna (The Passengers) deals with the gullibility that paved the way for Nazism.

Artur Alliksaar (1923-1966) studied law, but his career was cut short when Estonia was occupied by Germany and then the Soviet Union. He began writing when he was young and a few of his poems appeared in newspapers. In 1949 he was imprisoned by the Russians on questionable charges. After his release in 1957 he became an irreverent, bohemian habitué of the cafés in Tartu, Estonia’s university town. Despite repression by the Soviet authorities he saw the publication of a few more of his poems, and his writing took a turn away from the classical forms of his youth to free verse of limitless fantasy. Towards the end of his life, and while suffering from tuberculosis, he wrote one play, Island Without a Name , which he lived to see produced by a student group just before he died. After his death, more poems were published and his passion and recklessness inspired a new generation of poets. In 1997, in a free Estonia, Lavishing Sunlight , a complete collection of his poems, appeared and became a best seller.

Vicente Ameztoy (1946-2001) is considered to be the most outstanding exponent of Basque surrealism.

Anacreon (c. 575 BCE – c. 490 BCE) was born in the Ionian city of Teos in Asia Minor. He became a court poet to Polycrates on Samos and to the tyrants Hipparchus and Critias in Athens. Considered the last writer of solo song, he composed panegyrics as well as the personal lyric poetry for which he is best known in later eras.

Zoran Anchevski is currently Professor of literature in the English Department of the University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje, Macedonia, where he received his Ph.D. He lives in Macedonia and has studied and worked in Australia, and in Chico, California (MA). A respected poet in his home country, he is also a prolific translator from English to Macedonian.

Warren D. Anderson (1920 - 2001) studied Classics as an undergraduate at Haverford College. In 1942 he began graduate school at Harvard University, but interrupted his education to fight in World War II. He returned to take an M.A. at Harvard and, after spending two years reading classical Greats at Oxford, to study as a doctoral student at Harvard under Werner Jaeger. A professor of Classics until 1967, he then went to the University of Iowa as a Professor of English and Comparative Literature, and from 1970 until he retired, he taught Comparative Literature and Classics at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst. Critic, translator, a leading expert on ancient Greek music, he has translated Aeschylus’ Prometheus Bound, and the Character Sketches of Theophrastus (Kent State, 1970). His books include Matthew Arnold and the Classical Tradition (Michigan U.P.); Victorian Essays (a volume which he co-edited and to which he contributed); Ethos and Education in Greek Music: The Evidence of Poetry and Philosophy (Harvard U.P. 1966); and Music and Musicians in Ancient Greece (Cornell U.P. 1994).

Venko Andonovski (1964-) was born in Kumanovo, Macedonia. A poet, critic, fiction writer, dramatist, and essayist, he received the UNESCO-sponsored Balkanica award as novelist-laureate in 2002.

Radu Andriescu is the author of four books of poetry: Mirror Against the Wall (1992), which won a Poesis first-book award; The Back Door (1994); The End of the Road, the Beginning of the Journey (1998), which won the Iasi Writers’ Association Award for Poetry; and Some Friends and Me (2000). He is working with Adam J. Sorkin on a dual-language volume of more than fifty of his poems, entitled No-Man’s Land. Andriescu lives in Iasi where he teaches British and American literature at the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University. His work has appeared, or is forthcoming, in Cider Press Review, Exquisite Corpse/Cyber Corpse, Hunger Magazine, Quarter After Eight, Compost, and Watchword , as well as in Sorkin’s book City of Dreams and Whispers (1998), an anthology of poets associated with the northeastern Romanian region called Moldavia, of which Iasi is the cultural capital; Speaking the Silence , a book of Romanian prose poems (Bucharest, 2001); and Club 8: Poems , an anthology of the work of a group of young, maverick poets of Iasi, edited and translated with Andriescu (2001).

Carlos Drummond de Andrade (1902-1987) a Brazilian poet, is generally considered the finest and most accessible twentieth-century poet writing in Portuguese.

Petre M. Andreevski (b. 1934 in Sloestica, the Demir Hisar region of southwestern Macedonia) is a poet, dramatist, novelist, and writer of short stories. Widely anthologized in Macedonia and abroad, his works have been translated into numerous languages. His most recent novel, The Last Peasants (1997), depicts the decline of village life and customs in the face of outside influences.

Guillaume Apollinaire (1880-1918) was part of the avant-garde in France that included Picasso and Braque. His best-known lyric poems are collected in Alcools (1913) and Calligrammes (1918). His only play, Les Mamelles de Tirésias (1918) is one of the earliest examples of surrealism.

Walter Arndt was born in Constantinople in 1916 as a citizen of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. After studying at Breslau (Silesia) and Oxford, he attended graduate school in Warsaw. He holds a doctorate in Comparative Linguistics and Classics from the University of North Carolina. In 1939 he resigned his German citizenship and volunteered for the Polish army. After escaping from a German POW camp, he spent a year in the Polish underground. Between 1942 and 1945, Mr. Arndt was active in political, military, and war-economic intelligence with the U.S. Office of Strategic Services and later with the O.W.I. He taught at Robert College (Istanbul) and worked in the U.N. refugee resettlement between 1944 and 1949, when he emigrated to the United States. He has taught at Guilford College, Chapel Hill and Dartmouth. His verse translation of Pushkin’s Eugene Onegin (1963) was awarded a Bollingen Prize. His verse translation of Goethe’s Faust in the metric forms of the original was first published in 1972 (2nd edition, 2000). He has also published books on linguistic theory and glottochronology.

Aurelia Arkotxa is a Basque-French poet and member of the poetry collective Geopolitics and of IKER UMR 5478 of the Centre National de Recherches Scientifiques (CNRS) in Bayonne, an association for research on Basque culture, language and heritage. Currently she is researching the lives and manuscripts of Basque sailors in the sixteenth century.

Jane Assimakopoulos is an American writer and translator with an academic background in Romance languages and literatures. Her literary translations from Greek and French into English include work by award-winning writers Thanassis Valtinos, Ersi Sotiropoulou, Michel Fais and Sotiris Dimitriou, and poets Katerina Anghelaki-Rooke, and Yiannis Kontos, among others. Her translations have been published in England and in America in journals such as London Magazine, The Harvard Review, The Iowa Review, and Mondo Greco. She lives in Ioannina, Greece.

Bernardo Atxaga, novelist, poet and playwright, writes both in Basque and Spanish and was born in Asteasu (Guipúzcoa).  He published his first book of poem Ziutateak (Las ciudades) in 1976, and two years later published Etiopía, for which he won the Critic’s Prize. Over twenty years, he has written literature for children and yound adults, plays, radio plays, and song lyrics.  In 1985 he won the Critic’s Prize with his novel Bi anai (Dos hermanos), and then again in 1988 with the novel Obabakoak (Los de Obaba), for which he also won both the Euskadi and National Literature Prizes. His latest novel Soinujolearen Semea (The Son of the Accordionist) was published in Basque (2003) and in Spanish (2004).

Raffaello Baldini was born in 1924 in Sanangelo di Romagna and has lived in Milan since 1955. He has published five poetry collections, all written in the Romagnolo dialect: E’ solitèri (Galeati, 1976), La náiva (Einaudi, 1982), Furistir (Einaudi, 1988), Ad nòta (Mondadori, 1995), as well as La náiva, Furistir, Ciacri (Einaudi, 2000). A new collection, Intercity, was published by Einaudi in 2003. He has written three theatrical monologues: Carta canta; Zitti tutti; In fondo a destra. His collection Furistir was awarded the Viareggio Prize
and Ad nòta was awarded the Bagutta Prize.

David Ball won MLA's prize for literary translation in 1996 with Darkness Moves: An Henri Michaux Anthology; other translations have appeared in many journals and anthologies; articles on translation have appeared in Translation Review, The Germanic Review, and elsewhere. His own poetry has appeared in journals ranging from Locus Solus and Atlantic Monthly to The World, Toothpaste, Bombay Gin... and in six small chapbooks.

Nicole Ball has translated books by Catherine Clement (The Weary Sons of Freud) and Maryse Condé ( Land of Many Colors) into English from French. Most recently she has translated a Jonathan Kellerman thriller (Survival of the Fittest ) into French. She currently teaches French at Smith College.

Maria Nemcova Banerjee: Chair of the Department of Russian Language and Literature at Smith College, as well as a professor of Comparative Literature, she was formerly co-chair of the Five College Translation Seminar. She is the author of Terminal Paradox: The Novels of Milan Kundera.

Ron Banerjee, poet, essayist and translator, is author of Far From You (Toronto, 1981); Poetry from Bengal (Unesco, 1989); L’Antica Fiamma (Galleria Pegaso Editore, 1995); and Sonnets for the Madonna (Florence, Maschietto & Musolino, 1999). Born in Calcutta, he was educated at Edinburgh, Rome and Harvard Universities. He has taught English and Comparative Literature at various American Universities, including Smith College and the Five-Colleges; and he has been a Fulbright Professor in India.

Bertrade B. Ngo-Ngijol Banoum , a Camerounian,  holds a Ph.D from the University of Essex, England and is Assistant Professor of Black Studies at Lehman College. She has served as a consultant with UNICEF, UNDP, and international NGOs, including Family Care International (FCI), RAINBO, and African Action on AIDS, Inc. (AAA). Her recent  publications include a translation from Basaa into English and French, “Fighting Hunger with Cassava: A Gift of 22 Recipes from the Rural Women of Bogso.” She has two forthcoming articles, “Basaa Gender in Typological Perspective” and “Gender Identities and Women’s Images in Oral Epic Tradition: A Feminist Reading of Bon ba Hiton.”  She is presently working on  a manuscript titled The Epic of Bon ba Hiton: A Hilun Tradition of the Basaa of Southern Cameroon

Charles Baudelaire (1821-1867), French symbolist poet and critic. Les Fleurs du mal (1857, enlarged 1861, 1868), the only volume of his poems published during his lifetime, was publicly condemned as obscene. Best known for these poems, which came to be recognized as a work of original genius, Baudelaire has been a major influence in the Western poetic tradition. A collection of poetic prose pieces was published posthumously as Petits poèmes en prose (1869). His criticism was collected posthumously in Curiosités esthétiques (1868) and L’Art romantique (1869).

Martin Wilmot Bennett's collection of poems, Loose Watches, was published by the University of Salzburg Press. He has had three stories read on BBC World Service and other works appear in Modern Poetry in Translation, Stand, Wascana Review, and elsewhere. Some of his poetry is available on www.unf.edu/mudlark.

John Berger, novelist, painter, and art historian, was born in London in 1926. In 1952 Berger began writing for London’s New Statesman, and quickly became an influential Marxist art critic. Since then he has published a number of art books including the famous Ways of Seeing, which was turned into a television series by the BBC. Beginning with his first novel in 1958, Berger has also produced a significant body of fiction, including G. (1972), winner of England’s Booker Prize and the James Tait Black Memorial Prize. He is also the author of screenplays and four plays for the stage. For the past twenty years Berger has lived in a small village in the French Alps. Fascinated by the traditions and endangered way of life of the mountain people, he has written about them both in his fiction and nonfiction.

Joel Berkowitz is Corob Fellow in Yiddish at the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies, and Hebrew Centre Lecturer in Yiddish at Oxford University. He is the author of Shakespeare on the American Yiddish Stage (University of Iowa Press, forthcoming 2002) and editor of The Yiddish Theatre: New Approaches (Litman Library, forthcoming 2002).

Adria Bernardi is the author of In the Gathering Woods, a collection of stories awarded the 2000 Drew Heinz Prize. Her novel, The Day Laid on the Altar, was awarded the 1999 Bakeless Fiction Prize. She has translated Gianni Celati’s Adventures in Africa, the poetry of Tonino Guerra in Abandoned Places, and a theatrical monologue by Raffaello Baldini, Page Proof. She teaches at the Warren Wilson MFA Program for Writers.

Conon de Béthune (fl. ca. 1180 - 1219/20) was born into a noble family of the Artois region in northern France; he was well known during his lifetime as a warrior, diplomat, and statesman, playing a leading role in the Fourth Crusade. Along with Blondel de Nesle, Gace Brulé, and the Châtelain de Coucy, he belonged to the first generation of trouvères. About a dozen songs are attributed to him.

Wolf Biermann, born in Hamburg in 1936, moved to the German Democratic Republic in 1953. Banned from performing and publishing there since 1965, he was expatriated during a concert tour to West Germany in 1976, causing many East German artists to leave the country in his wake. This poet, singer/songwriter and essayist has been one of the most eminent and prickly literary figures and critics of Germany before and since the reunification in 1989. Biermann received the Nationalpreis for his work in 1998.

Rhonda Blair is a professor of Theatre in Southern Methodist University. A director, solo performer, and actor, she teaches critical studies and performance theories. Her translations of The Seagull, The Cherry Orchard, and Hedda Gabler have been given a number of productions. Her writing appears in Method Acting Reconsidered,Upstaging Big Daddy: Directing Theater as if Gender and Race Mattered,Theatre Topics, and elsewhere.

Sissela Bok is a writer and philosopher born in Sweden. Formerly a Professor at Brandeis University, she is now a Distinguished Fellow at the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies. Her books include: Lying: Moral Choice in Private and Public Life; Secrets: On the Ethics of Concealment and Revelation;A Strategy for Peace: Human Values and the Threat of War;Alva Myrdal: A Daughter’s Memoir.

Itxaro Borda was born in Baiona/Bayonne (Basque Country) in 1959. She has degrees in Agriculture and History and works in the post office. She founded Maiatz, a literary journal (1982), together with Luzien Etxezaharreta. Her first book was published in 1984, Bizitza nola badoan (And So Life Goes, poetry). In 2002 she won the Euskadi Award with her novel 100% Basque, which has recently been published in French, translated by the author.

Heidi von Born was born in Stockholm and has published twenty-seven books: novels, a short story collection, a few poetry collections and a children’s book. She is also a critic and has written drama for radio and television, translated poetry by Margaret Atwood and others.

Annie Boutelle, born and raised in Scotland, was educated at the University of St. Andrews and New York University. Author of Thistle and Rose: A Study of Hugh MacDiarmid's Poetry, she has written numerous scholarly and popular essays. She teaches in the English Department at Smith College, whose Poetry Center she founded in 1998. Her sequence of poems based on the life of Celia Thaxter was a finalist for the 1999 Walt Whitman Award of the Academy of American Poets, and she has published poems in Poetry, Yankee, Ekphrasis, The Green Mountains Review, and The Hudson Review. Poems are forthcoming in The Larcom Review, American Poets and Poetry, Poet Lore, Iris, Painted Bride, and Nimrod . You can see more of her Rilke translations in Painted Bride Quarterly online at www.webdelsol.com/pbq/issues/65/Rilke.htm

Rosa Alice Branco is completing a doctorate in the Psychology of Perception at the New University in Lisbon. She is an editor at the literary magazine Limiar. Her four collections of poetry are: Beloved Woman, Animals of the Earth, Short Monadology , and The Happy Hand. Some of her poems, translated by Alexis Levitin, appear or will appear in Prairie Schooner, Artful Dodge, The Hollins Critic, Osiris, and The Temple.

Fiama Hasse Pais Brandão is the major poet of her generation in Portugal. She has published 14 volumes of poetry, the most recent of which, Epistles and Memoranda , won the D. Dinis Prize in late 1997 and the Grande Premio de Poesia from the Portuguese Writers Association in February 1998. Her work has appeared in French, Italian, Spanish, German, Polish and English. In the U.S., Levitin’s authorized translations of Fiama’s disturbingly powerful poems have appeared in numerous magazines, including The Partisan Review, The Massachusetts Review, Prairie Schooner, Seneca Review, Artful Dodge, The Connecticut Poetry Review, The Green Mountain Review, and Abraxas.

Susan Brantly is professor of Scandinavian Literature at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, specializing in Swedish.

María Isabel Alsonso Breto holds a Ph.D. in English Philology from the University of Barcelona where she is currently a member of the Department of English and German Literatures. Her areas of interest include literary translation (especially women’s poetry written in English) and creative writing. 

Joseph Brodsky (1940-1996) : Russian-American poet, Nobel Prize Winner. Author of half a dozen volumes of poetry in Russian and English (with many self-translations). Essayist, Professor of Literature at the Five Colleges. Was briefly a member of the editorial board of Metamorphoses before his death.

Diana Brown is Associate Professor at Dana College in Blair, Nebraska. She received her Ph.D. at L’Alliance Francaise, La Sorbonne. In 1996, her book-length translation into both English and Italian of Olga Bressano de Alonso’s Fugacidad y otros poemas was published in Argentina.

Seydou Camara was born 1952, in Bancoumana, Mali. He studied History in Paris and obtained his PhD from EHESS, Paris in 1990. Most of his publications deal with oral tradition and bards as well as 20th century politics in Mali. Currently he is Head of the Department of History and  Archeology at the Institut des Sciences Humaines in Bamako.

Juan Cameron (1947-) was born in Valparaíso, Chile. He has published 16 volumes of poetry and won an impressive number of prestigious prizes over the years, beginning in 1971. He has continued to work against tremendous odds, surviving, by guile and sheer nerve, 14 years of the Pinochet dictatorship and 10 years of political exile in Sweden. After free elections in Chile he returned to his beloved Valparaíso where he lives with his wife, the graphic artist Virginia Vizcaíno. They often collaborate on projects.

Kelsey Camire first became drawn to translation after the death of Spanish poet Rafael Alberti, when she realized that, more than anything else, she wanted to be able to share Alberti’s poems with her father. She began translating while studying in Spain, focusing on the novel La lluvia amarilla by Julio Llamazares. She first met Julia Otxoa when the poet was visiting a Comparative Literature class at Smith College. Kelsey graduated from Smith College in 2001 and currently resides in Northampton, MA.

Ivan Canadas earned his PhD from the University of Sydney with a dissertation on the theaters of Spain and England at the turn of the seventeenth century; the project involved a significant amount of translation of Spanish material into English. He is Assistant Professor of English Literature at Hallym University, South Korea. He has directed his own English-language adaptations of plays by Federico García Lorca and Fernando Arrabal, and is currently completing a bilingual edition of a Golden Age Spanish comedy, Lope de Vega’s La villana de Getafe.

Manlio Cancogni was born in Bologna of Tuscan parents but later transferred to Rome, where he completed his doctoral studies in history and philosophy and began publishing short stories before becoming special correspondent for L’Europeo, L’Espresso, Il Corriere della Sera, Il Giornale and later La Fiera Letteraria . At present he contributes to L’Osservatore Romano . He taught at Smith for twelve years, in the Italian Department. He has published about thirty books, winning some literary prizes (Bagutta, Campiello, Strega, Viareggio). 1999 saw the publication, in a bilingual edition, of his translation into Italian of Ron Banerjee’s Sonnets for the Madonna.

Harkaitz Cano was born in Lasarte, Gipuzkoa in 1975 and currently resides in Donostia-San Sebastián. Cano’s highly diverse literary production has already become one of the cornerstones of the so-called “New Basque Literature.”  Author of a collection of poetry Kea behelainopean bezala (1994) at age 19, he has since published several collections of short stories and three novels:  Beluna Jazz (1996), Pasaia Blues (1999), and Paino gainean gosaltz (El puente desafinado – Baladas de Nueva York; 2000).

Hélène Cantarella (1904-2000): Writer, critic, translator, teacher of languages, Emerita. For many years wrote reviews for The New York Times, The New Leader, and other periodicals. Former Chief of the Foreign Language Section of the Motion Picture Bureau of the Office of War Information, then Coordinator of Films at Smith College.

Raffaele Carrieri was born in Taranto, Southern Italy in 1905. From adolescence he embarked on a life of travel and a variety of jobs, from taxman to art critic. Friendly with D’Annunzio in Italy and Blaise Cendrars and other figures of the avant garde in the Paris of the nineteen-twenties, he published several collections of poetry, and Mondadori published a volume of selected poems in 1976.

Bartolo Cattafi (1922-1979) was born in the province of Messina, Sicily, but he lived and worked in Milan for most of his life. He began to write poetry after a medical discharge from the army during WWII. He traveled extensively in Spain, Great Britain and North Africa and published many collections during his lifetime. His selected poems were published in 1990 by Mondadori as Poesie 1943-1979 .

Thibaut de Champagne (1201-1253), the most illustrious of the trouvères and one of the most prolific, was the great-grandson of Eleanor of Aquitaine and both count of Champagne and king of Navarre. He was a leading political figure in the France and (northern) Spain of his time, deeply involved in royal power struggles and in the Crusade of 1239. Over seventy songs of various types are attributed to him.

Lee Chadeayne has taught at Ohio State University, Boston University and Northeastern University. Until his retirement in 2003 he was President of Wordnet, a commercial translation service linking nearly 2,000 technical and scientific translators worldwide. His previously translated works are in the areas of history, literature and social sciences and include Wolfgang Seiferth’s Synagogue and Church in the Middle Ages: Two Symbols in Art and Literature and Max Lüthi’s Once Upon a Time: On the Nature of Fairy Tales. He has been a book reviewer for The German Quarterly, Regional Editor of the Massachusetts Foreign Language Bulletin, and editor of the Chronicle, the monthly publication of the American Translators Association.

Gerald Chapple was born in Montréal in 1937 and has been translating contemporary German and Austrian authors for twenty-five years. Among his recent translations, those of Ursula Krechel, Josef Haslinger, and Kunert have appeared in The Fiddlehead, Fiction, and Modern Poetry in Translation. His translation of Barbara Frischmuth’s Chasing after the Wind: Four Stories (1996) received a Translation Award from the government of Austria. He is putting together a selection of Kunert’s poems with the working title, A Stranger at Home.

Eric Charry is Associate Professor in the Music Department at Wesleyan University. His book, Mande Music: Traditional and Modern Music of the Maninka and Mandinka of Western Africa , was published by the University of Chicago Press in 2000.

Maura Chwastyk is currently studying at Charles University in Prague and completing her degree in linguistics at the University of Pittsburgh.

Chang Chi, a T'ang Dynasty poet, contemporary of Li Po, Wang Wei and Tu Fu, was from a town now in the province of Hubei. Like other scholar-poets in China, he held a government office. His poetry integrates Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism.

Kay Cicellis (1926-2001) was born of Greek parents in Marseilles, France. She attended the American College of Greece and spent the World War Two years in her father’s home island of Cephalonia. Greece’s premier literary translator, Kay Cicellis distinguished herself as a writer both in Greek and English. Her fiction has been translated into English, French, German, Portuguese, and Spanish. The Dance of the Hours, (Athens: Agra Publications, 1998), a collection of short stories, won the Greek State Prize in 1999.

Eva Claeson was one of the founding editors of Metamorphoses and is still a contributing editor. She guest-edited a special issue on Swedish literature in Spring 2000. She has published several books of translations, and her translations of two works of poetic prose by Margareta Ekström will be published in 2001, as will the translation of the classic novel The Serious Game by Hjalmar Söderberg.

Hugo Claus was born in 1929 in Bruges (West-Flanders, Belgium).  As a young man, he worked on farms and as a seasonal laborer in sugar factories in Northern France while studying at the Academy of Ghent (Academie voor Beeldende Kunsten) and the Theatre Academy of Ghent (Toneelschool). His meeting with Antonin Artaud in 1948 stimulated his interest in experimental art.  From 1948 to 1951, he was a member of the modern painters’ movement COBRA, founded by Dutch painter Karel Appel.  In 1973, he married the soft-porn actress Slyvia Kristel (known for the 1970s Emmanuelle movies) with whom he has a son.  At various moments in his career, he lived in France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Belgium.  Claus is a prolific painter, poet, dramatist, fiction writer, translator, and theatre and movie director.  Among his most famous novels are: De Verwondering (1962; L’é tonnement), a story about Flemish Nazis during the WWII occupation and Het Verdriet van Belgi (1983; Le Chagrin des belges; The Sorrow of Belgium). He has received numerous national and international awards and several Nobel Prize nominations.

Stephen Clingman is Professor of English and Director of the Interdisciplinary Seminar in the Humanities and Fine Arts at the University of Massachusetts. He has published a book on the South African Nobel Laureate, Nadine Gordimer, and edited a collection of her non-fiction. His most recent book, Bram Fisher: Afrikaner Revolutionary, won the Alan Paton Prize, South Africa’s premier award for non-fiction.

Lynne Conner is Assistant Professor in the Theatre Department at the University of Pittsburgh, where she teaches theatre and dance history, theory, and aesthetics. Her publications include Spreading the Gospel of the Modern Dance (1997) and articles in the International Dictionary of Modern Dance, Crucibles of Crisis, High Performance, Theatre Studies, The American Association of Museums Professional Practice Series and Pittsburgh History as well as critical commentary in many newspapers, newsletters and production programs.

Margaret Jull Costa has translated works by Eca de Queiroz, Fernando Pessoa and José Regio, Carmen Martí Gaite, Bernardo Atxaga, Javier Marías, among others. Her version of José Saramago’s All the Names won the 2000 Weidenfeld Translation Prize. Her translation of Fernando Pessoa’s The Book of Disquiet made her a joint winner of the Portuguese translation prize.

Ion Cretu was born and raised in Romania and attended the University of Georgia (Athens,GA). He has published over a hundred essays and book reviews in the major Romanian literary magazines and has translated extensively into Romanian from works by Julian Barnes, Kingsley Amis, Saul Bellow, Alexander Theroux and others. In the last ten years he worked as a journalist for several Romanian newspapers and magazines, and in 1998-1999 as a correspondent for the British magazine Media International . In 1996 he spent three months as a writer in residence at the Mary Anderson Center in Indiana.

Justin Crumbaugh is an Assistant Professor of Spanish at Mount Holyoke College, where he specializes in Spanish and Basque cultural studies, particularly in relation to cinema, literature, social history, and economic development. He is currently preparing a book-length manuscript on the role of tourism in contemporary Spanish culture.

Charles Cutler's translations of Brazilian poets: Thiago de Mello, Joao de Jesus Paes Loureiro, Astrid Cabral, Jorge Tufic, Antisthenes Pinto, Carlos Drummond de Andrade and others have appeared in The Massachusetts Review, Two Lines , and Amazonian Literary Review. Translations of the contemporary Portuguese writers Maria Velho da Costa and Eduarda Dionisio, appeared in Sweet Marmalade, Sour Oranges: Contemporary Portuguese Women’s Fiction . He is co-editor of Amazonian Literary Review and Professor of Spanish and Portuguese at Smith College.

Marta Dahlgren, born in Sweden, holds a Ph.D. in English Language and Literature from the University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain. She is a professor at the University of Vigo, Spain, where she teaches in the Translation and Interpreting Program. She translates professionally from Swedish and English into Spanish. Her research interests include pragmatics and translation theory.

Barbro Dahlin was a psychiatrist, a poet and also a novelist. During the last years of her life she was almost blind, but continued to be very productive until her death last year. Her collections of poetry received excellent reviews. She lived in Stockholm. From the late fifties on she published ten collections of poetry and two novels. Eva Claeson’s translation of a chapter from Sundance , one of her novels, was published in the Scandinavian Review about 15 years ago, and her poems have been published in other literary journals including Metamorphoses .

Jennifer Renee Danby is a doctoral candidate in the Ph.D. Program in Theatre, CUNY Graduate Center. She teaches in the Department of Theatre, Film, and Dance at C.W. Post, Long Island University, and in the Department of Theatre Arts at SUNY, Stony Brook. Jennifer is also a director and an actor.

David Daube: Emeritus Regius Professor of Civil Law, University of Oxford; Emeritus Director of the Robbins Hebraic and Roman Law Collection and Emeritus Professor, University of California Law School at Berkeley. He is also the grandfather of Metamorphoses co-editor Matthew Daube.

Jeremy Dauber is Assistant Professor in the Department of Germanic Languages at Columbia University, specializing in Yiddish literature. He is currently working on a book on the usage of Biblical and Rabbinic texts in early modern Hebrew and Yiddish literature.

Stavros Deligiorgis is Professor Emeritus at the University of Iowa and now teaches in the Graduate Program of Translation Studies at the University of Athens, Greece. His most recent work was published by the Northwestern University Press (1997 and 2000) and the American College of Greece (2001 and 2002).

Nancy Dersofi: She is a product of Radcliffe, and Harvard, where she did her doctoral studies. Since 1972 she has taught at Byrn Mawr, where she is now a professor of Italian and Contemporary Literature. Her main interests lie in the Italian Renaissance and the Theater.

Puroshottam Laxman Deshpande (1919-2000), writer, performer, and the "conscience" of Maharashtra, his State in India. A beloved figure, he was the winner of most of the prestigious State and National awards in his home country.

Born in 1952, Nuala Ni Dhomhnaill grew up in the Irish-speaking areas of Kerry and Tipperary.  She has published three collections of poems in Irish, An Deaolg Droighin (1981), Féar Suaithinseach (1984), and Feis (1991). She has published two bilingual collections with Wake Forest University Press: Pharoah’s Daughter, with translations by thirteen of Ireland’s leading writers, and The Astrakhan Cloak, translated by Paul Muldoon. She was the 2002-2003 Nielson Professor at Smith College as well as a fellow at Louise W. and Edmund J. Kahn Liberal Arts Institute.
 

Emily Dickinson (1830-86), the reclusive Amherst poet underestimated during her lifetime, is now considered one of the greatest poets in American literature and perhaps the most original.

Susan M. DiGiacomo is a cultural anthropologist who received her Ph.D. in anthropology in 1985 from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. She translates Catalan anthropology into English and American anthropology into Catalan, and is currently at work on an edited volume that approaches translation as an ethnographic practice. Having taught at several colleges and universities in the US, she now works in Barcelona at the Fundació Sant Joan de Déu as a medical editor/translator, and is an occasional visiting professor in the medical anthropology doctoral program at the Universitat Rovira i Virgili in Tarragona. 

Polina Dimcheva Dimova was born in Varna, Bulgaria in 1977 and began her undergraduate study at the English and American Studies Department at the University of Sofia, Bulgaria. She then transferred to Smith College where she graduated with a B.A. in Comparative Literature in 2001. While at Smith, she devoted a considerable amount of time to music, taking classes in violin performance and composition. In her senior year, she studied the literature of exile as a Kahn Institute Student Fellow. She will be attending the doctoral program in Comparative Literature at the University of California at Berkeley this fall. There she will work in English, German and Slavic literatures, concentrating on poetry and searching for the sources of human creativity.

Sotiris Dimitriou (1955-) was born in Thesprotia, Greece. He has published a collection of poems, Feeling the Way (1985); a novella, May Your Name Ever Be Heard (1993); and four collections of short stories, Christaki, My Child (1987), The Kid from Thessaloniki (1989), The Vein in Her Neck (1998), which won the Diavazo Magazine Book Critics Award for best short story collection in 1999, and The Slow March of the Good. His work has been translated into many languages and has appeared in literary magazines and anthologies in Greece and abroad.

Bosnian poet Ferida Durakovic has published five collections of poems and two children’s books in her native Serbo-Croatian, and her work has been translated into Greek, Slovenian, Turkish, German, and Finnish. In 1998 White Pine Press brought out Heart of Darkness, her first collection to appear in English, translated by Amela Simic and Zoran Mutic.

Stanislaw Dygat (1914-1978), a Polish writer of short stories, novels, and screenplays, wrote and published through the Communist publishing apparatus. Nevertheless, he was very critical of the Communist system, not from the capitalist point of view but from the point of view of Poland’s ancient traditions of democracy and intellectual freedom. At times his work disappeared from bookstores and libraries. These pieces, from Rainy Evenings, were written in the 1950s and ’60s.

Eglal Doss-Quinby: Currently on the faculty of Smith College, has published two books on Old French lyric poetry, as well as various articles and reviews, including Les refrains chez les trouvères du XIIe siecle au début du XIVe (Peter Lang, 1984).

Jennifer Gabrielle Edwards (1971-) has published two translations in The Michigan Quarterly Review. An essay she is translating will appear in Creative Nonfiction Magazine, as part of a special issue edited by Ilán Stavans. She lives in New York City and is the book reviewer for El Diario/La Prensa newspaper.

Gunnar Ekelöf (1907-1968): Swedish lyric modernist. Three general selections of his poems have appeared in English translations by Rober Bly, James Larson with Leonard Nathan, and Muriel Rukeyser with Leif Sjöberg, as well as the booklength poem A Molna Elegy; also W. H. Auden, with Leif Sjöberg's Diwan over the Prince of Emgion and The Tale of Fatumeh.

Margareta Ekström (1930 -) is a Swedish writer who since her debut in 1960 has been known and admired especially for her many short story and poetry collections, as well as her translations of Virginia Woolf and others.

Award-winning Welsh poet and playwright, Menna Elfyn is the author of seven volumes of poetry, six stage plays, two novel for teenagers and editor of a number of educational books.  Her work has been translated into fifteen languages.  A Fellow of the Royal Literary Fund, she was also made Poet Laureate for Children in 2002. She was shortlisted in 2003 for the Evelyn Encelot European Prize for Women Poets.

Odysseas Elytis (1911-1996), Greek poet and winner of the 1979 Nobel Prize for Literature was born Odysseas Alepoudhelis on Crete Elytis first started publishing poetry in 1935; his early work was inspired by French Surrealism but was informed by a distinctly Greek, Aegean heritage and aesthetic. His poetry (twenty-three collections or book-length poems) and essays have been translated into many languages and some of his poetry was set to music by internationally famous Greek composers Manos Hatzidakis and Mikis Theodorakis, and became popular songs. Elytis was also a visual artist, and wrote on art as well. The prose poem translated in this issue is from the collection he published in 1940, Prosanatolismoi (Bearings).

David Escoffery is a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Pittsburgh in the Department of Theatre Arts. He is in the process of completing his dissertation, which deals with Pirandello’s links to the Italian Fascist Party.

Maite Gonzalez Esnal was born in San Sebastian in 1943.  She focuses her writing on children’s and young adult literature. Her most recent book is a collection of short stories entitled Maiderren taupada (Maider’s heartbeat), about the daily adverntures of Maider, a young girl.

Michel Fais (1957-) was born in Komotini, Greece. His work includes poetry, criticism, fiction, and articles on Modern Greek art history. His novel The Autobiography of a Book (Athens: Kastaniotis Publishers, 1995) was translated into French (Éditions Hatier, 1996) and adapted for the stage.

Faiz Ahmed Faiz (1911-1984) was born in India, in undivided Punjab, of Punjabi Muslim parents. Considered the leading poet of the South Asian subcontinent, he was twice nominated for the Nobel Prize and won the Lenin Peace Prize in 1962. An outspoken poet in opposition to the Pakistani government, he was also a professor of English literature, a distinguished editor of the Pakistan Times , and a major figure in the Afro-Asian Writers’ Association.

Michael Farman was born and raised in England but has lived in Texas for the past twelve years, where he works as an electronics engineer at the National Scientific Balloon Facility under contract to NASA. Many years ago he studied Chinese at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London, later in Hong Kong, which stimulated a lifelong interest in Chinese culture. He began translating classical Chinese poetry about four years ago. His translations have since appeared frequently in literary magazines and translation journals (including Beacons, Bellingham Review, Branches, exchanges, The Literary Review, Marlboro Review, New Millennium Writings, Raven
Chronicles, Renditions, Rhino, Two Lines) and twelve are featured in the anthology A Silver Treasury of Chinese Lyrics, recently published by Renditions. His first complete book, Clouds and Rain, Lyrics of Love and Desire from Medieval China, was published by Piper’s Ash in November 2003.

Inna Feldbach is an Estonian citizen and a graduate of Tartu University. She has translated books, plays, and stories from English and Spanish to Estonian, including works of Sylvia Plath and Camilo José Cela.

Alessandro Ferace was born in Bengasi (Libya) and lives in Florence. He works as editor in the publishing house La Nuova Italia, and is a poet as well as a translator.

Rina Ferrarelli is a poet and translator of modern Italien poetry who came to the United States from Italy at the age of fifteen. She has published two books of translation, Light Without Motion (Owl Creek Press, 1989) and I Saw the Muses (Guernica, 1997), which was one of the five finalists for the Landon Translation Prize. She received a grant from the NEA, and the Italo Calvino Prize from the Columbia University Translation Center. Her translated poetry has appeared in publications such as Artful Dodge,Chelsea,Denver Quarterly,Exchanges,The Hudson Review,The International Poetry Review,The International Quarterly,La Fusta,The Literary Review,Mundus Artium,New Letters,The New Orleans Review and Translation.

Jerzy Ficowski, now 80 years old, is best known to English readers through Regions of the Great Heresy, his seminal critical/
biographical text on Bruno Schulz (published by Norton in 2003) and through his poetry, often Holocaust-related—he was in Warsaw during the Holocaust and fought in the Warsaw Uprising—which has appeared sporadically in anthologies. The stories translated in this issue are from his only book of prose fiction, a collection entitled Waiting for the Dog to Sleep.

Kornel Filipowicz (1913-1990) studied biology at Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland and was an activist in leftist political organizations. His career as editor of an avant-garde poetry journal, Nasz Wyraz (Our Expression), was interrupted by World War Two. After joining a resistance group, he was arrested in 1944 and served time in the Gross Rosen and Oranienburg concentration camps. After the war he resumed his literary career, writing fiction with two vividly contrasting preoccupations: his impressions of the war and the camps, and his fascination with fishing. Sometimes the two themes merged, as in the short story, “What Is In a Man?” In his later years he was active in a movement to preserve Jewish cultural landmarks in Krakow.

Cola Franzen’s most recent publications are Horses in the Air and Other Poems, by Jorge Guillén, winner of the 2000 Harold Morton Landon Translation Award from the Academy of American Poets, and In the Cold of the Malecón, short stories by the Cuban writer Antonio José Ponte, translated in collaboration with Dick Cluster, both from City Lights. Forthcoming in the fall of 2002 are Tales from the Cuban Empire, also by Ponte (City Lights) and All Night Movie, novel by Alicia Borinsky, translated with the author (Northwestern University Press).

Katherine B. Free is a professor of Theatre Arts and Associate Chair of the Department of Theatre Arts and Dance at Loyola Marymount University where she has taught theatre history and dramatic literature for over thirty years. She has also published articles on theatre in scholarly journals such as Theatre Research International and Theatre Journal as well as presented papers at the meeting of the American Society of Theatre Research (ASTR) and the International Federation of Theatre Research (IFTR). Her specialties include ancient Greek theatre and Indian folk theatre. She has directed productions of plays by Euripides, Racine, and Corneille among others. She was the dramaturg for the Odyssey Theatre Ensemble’s award-winning production of The Greeks in 1999. Her essay, "Thespis and Moses: the Jews and the Ancient Greek Theatre," appeared in Theatre and Holy Script, Sussex Academic Press in 1999.

Gustaf Fröding (1860-1911) struggled nearly all of his life with alcoholism and mental illness. Nevertheless he ranks among the most gifted of Swedish poets. His earlier work is remarkable for a quality of (bitter)-sweetness present, for instance in Vennerboom the Poet, a self portrait in which Fröding sees clearly what a disastrous wreck he has become, yet lightens the effect with gentle humor. Throughout his work the stylistic brilliance shines through and the thematic obsessions born of his difficult life lend a distinctively "modern" flavor to his work.

Robert Frost (1874-1963) is arguably the most popular, beloved and widely anthologized American poet of the twentieth century, perhaps because his poems, ostensibly about the character, people and landscape of New England, seem accessible on the surface. Frost was imbued with a classical education, however, and recent criticism has brought to light how complicated, obscure and multi-layered many of even the most apparently simple poems are, if a reader knows enough to see and hear references to the emperor Augustus and to Virgil’s Aeneid in a poem about a dog named Gus, for instance, or to the Bacchae in a poem about grapes. Twice winner of the Pulitzer Prize (in 1924 and 1943), he received close to twenty honorary degrees, including D. Litt. honoris causa from Oxford and Cambridge; in 1963 he was awarded the Bollingen Prize for Poetry.

Dean Furbish: A member of the National Slavic Honor Society, he teaches biology and chemistry at Piedmont Community College in Roxboro, N. C. His translations of short stories and poetry have appeared in numerous journals. New works - translations and his own poetry - are to appear in The Lyric,Re: Arts & Letters, Piedmont Literary Review, and Sulphur R. Literary Review.

Amaia Gabantxo was born in the Basque country, where she grew up bilingual in Basque and Spanish. She moved to the UK at age 20, and in 1998, four years after her arrival, she began to write in English. She now lives in Norwich, where she combines teaching literature at the University of East Anglia with reviewing literature for the TLS and completing her doctorate.  Her work has been short-listed for the Asham Prize, won the Jury’s Commendation in the BCLA Literary Translation Competition 2000 and been published in several magazines and anthologies. She is currently translating a collection of short stories by contemporary Basque authors for the Basque Series project of the University of Nevada Press.

Patricia Gaborik is a doctoral student in Theatre and Drama at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. She received her BS from Northwestern University and her MA from UC, Santa Barbara. She is currently a fellow at the Center for German and European Studies, a University of Wisconsin and University of Minnesota Consortium, where she studies early twentieth-century Italian theatre and its intersections with Fascism.

Madeleine Gagnon was born in 1938 in Amqui, Québec. Member of PEN International, and recipient of numerous literary prizes, including the 1991 Governor General's Prize for Poetry for Chant pour un Québec lointain, Gagnon has published over twenty books of poetry and prose. Her most recent book, Les Femmes et la guerre (VLB Éditeur, 1999; Éditions Fayard, 2001) develops the theme of women and history in the context of contemporary political reality. Rêve de pierre (VLB Éditeur, 1999) explores the interrelationship of womankind and nature and the role of political suppression and violence in creating a people's aesthetic consciousness.

Garcilaso de la Vega (ca. 1503-1536, b. Toledo) is the quintessence of the soldier-poet found with such frequency in Spanish letters. His biography is emblematic of the ambivalent symbiosis between Hapsburg imperialism and the Spanish crusade. A member of the royal guard in 1520 and a Knight of Santiago in 1523, he was an important participant in the failed expedition against the Turks at Rhodes 1522 and in the defense of Navarre against the French in 1523. In 1532 he was banished to an island on the Danube for witnessing Charles’ nephew’s secret wedding, though he later regained favor long enough to participate in the Tunis campaign of 1535 and the invasion of France in 1536. He was killed leading an attack on the fort of Le Muy near Fr?jus.

Harald Gaski (1955 - ) is professor in Sami Literature at the University of Tromsoe, and the author and editor of several books and articles on Sami literature and culture. He has been a visiting scholar at several universities in the US, Australia and on Greenland.

Richard Gaughran was Senior Fulbright Scholar for American Studies at the English Department of the University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje, Macedonia, from 1997 to 1999. Currently living in the new republic, he has worked on numerous translations of Macedonian literature into English. A specialist in American Literature, he has taught at Lehigh University and Allentown College in Pennsylvania, and at James Madison University in Virginia.

Tom Geddes formerly head of the Germanic Collections at the British Library, is now translator of novels and biographies from Swedish and Norwegian. Recent works include Nicolai Gedda: My life and Art, Lars Gustafsson: The Tale of a Dog, Björn Larsson: Long John Silver. His translation of Lindgren’s Way of a Serpent won the inaugural Bernard Shaw Translation Prize.

Luc Gilleman was born and raised in Ostend, a coastal town in the Flemish part of belgium.  After a brief stint as a radio-officer in the merchant marines, he studied Dutch and English philology at the University of Brussels, then worked free-lance for the Association du Patrimoine Artistique, translating books on Belgian art and architecture.  He moved to the United States in 1987 on a Belgian American Educational Fellowship and in 1995 obtained a Ph.D. in English from Indiana University, Bloomington.  In the same year, he joined Smith College where teaches in English and Comparative Literature.  His book John Osborne: Vituperative Artist was published by Routeldge in 2001.  He is currently translating poems by Hugo Claus and working on a book about the search for structure in modern plays.

Gitahi Gititi was born in Kenya and is Associate Professor of English at the University of Rhode Island. He teaches African, African American, Caribbean, Native American, and Latin American literatures at the University of Rhode Island. He is a published poet.

Bogomil Gjuzel (1939- ), poet, prose writer, playwright, essayist, translator, was born in Chachak, Serbia, took a degree in English at the University of Skopje, and studied at the University of Edinburgh as a British Council scholar. From 1966-1971 and again from 1985-1998 he served as dramaturg for the Dramski Theatre in Skopje. During his distinguished career he has participated in the International Writing Program in Iowa, and in poetry festivals in San Francisco, Rotterdam, Herleen, Maastricht, and Valencia. His work has been translated into many languages, including Czech and Catalan. One of the founders of the Independent Writers of Macedonia Association, he chaired it in 1994 and has served as editor-in-chief of its bimonthly journal. From 1999 to 2003 he directed the Struga Poetry Evenings International Festival. Author of two dozen volumes of poetry (two of which won the Brothers Miladinov Prize for the Best Book of the Year, in 1966 and 1972), several books of essays, and four plays, Gjuzel is also an editor and a prolific translator. Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra is the tenth Shakespearian play translated for the stage by Gjuzel since l969; he has translated and adapted plays by O’Neill, Bond, Sheppard, Pinter; poetry by T.S. Eliot, Auden, Emily Dickinson, Seamus Heaney, Charles Simic, and others. His translation of scenes from Antony and Cleopatra is published here for the first time, as are the two poems from Ted Hughes’ last collection, The Birthday Poems. A recent volume of poems, The Wolf at the Door, was published in a bilingual edition by Xenos Books (California, 2001), English translation by P. H. Liotta, with an introduction by Charles Simic.

Michal Glowinski is a professor at the Institute of Literary Research at the Polska Akademia Nauk (Polish Academy of Sciences) in Warsaw and the author of over twenty books, with subjects ranging from literary criticism and theory to the language of communist propaganda to Greek mythology.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) is widely considered one of the greatest figures in German literature. He was a poet, novelist, playwright, and natural philosopher. His Bildungsroman, Die Leiden des jungen Werthers, was immediately influential, and Faust has become a canonical work.

Sunil Gokhale holds a doctorate in Physics and a diploma in Journalism. He has contributed to various publications on social and cultural themes in Marathi (Sakal, Maharashtra Times ) and English (Times of India, Indian Express).

Mier Aron Goldschmidt (1819-1887), born in Denmark to Jewish parents, struggled throughout his life to overcome his position as an outsider without compromising his integrity.

Kiki Gounaridou teaches Theatre History and Theory at Smith College. Her publications include Euripides and Alcestis: Speculations, Simulations and Stories of Love in the Athenian Culture (1998), Madame La Mort and Other Plays by Rachilde (1998) , and Euripides. Hecuba: A Translation (1995) , as well as several articles on Ancient Greek theatre, seventeenth-century French theatre, translation, and contemporary theory and performance.

Although he was prolific, with four novels, several volumes of stories, plays, essays and memoirs, the recognition he merited eluded him during his lifetime, and his works have only recently begun to be reissued. Some may be found on the Danish Royal Library website.
German Guerra (born in Guantánamo, Cuba in 1966) is poet, essayist, and editor. His publications include Dos Poemas (Strumento, Miami, 1998) and Metal (Dylemma, Miami, 1998). The poems included here are among a group to be published in the anthology Island of My Hunger, forthcoming from City Lights, San Francisco, Summer 2005. A number of his poems were included in Reunión de Ausentes: Antología de poetas cubanos (Término, Ohio, 1998) and in Las caras del amor: 200 poetas de más de 1000 ciudades del mundo (Versal Editorial group, Massachusetts, 1999). He is the founder and director of the Colección Strumento since 1998, a small press that produces books of poetry, each of which is handcrafted and unique. His poems as well as essays and articles on aesthetics and literary criticism have appeared in journals in Cuba, Spain, France and the United States, as well as on the Internet. He has lived in Miami since 1992.

Eric Clifford Graf is Assistant Professor of Spanish at Smith College. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Virginia in 1996, and has published critical articles on Garcilaso de la Vega, Vicente Aleixandre, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, and the Poema de mio Cid . He is currently completing a book on the politics of the poetry, art, and narrative of Garcilaso, El Greco, and Cervantes in Hapsburg Spain.

Almudena Grandes was born in Madrid, Spain in 1960. She is the author of four novels: Las edades de Lulú, for which she won the prize La Sonrisa Vertical for erotic fiction and which was later made into a film directed by Bigas Luna; Te llamaré Viernes; Malena es un nombre de tango, later made into a film directed by Gerardo Herrero; and Atlas de geografía humana . She is also the author of a collection of short stories entitled Modelos de mujer. In 1997 she was awarded the Rossonoe d’oro prize in Italy.

William Grange is a faculty member at the University of Nebraska, where he teaches theatre history, film, and performance courses while directing and acting with the Nebraska Repertory Theatre. He has authored several books, book chapters, scholarly essays, encyclopedia entries, and numerous letters to friends and family. He has also received several awards and fellowships, including those from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the German Academic Exchange Service, the Nebraska Research Council, and most recently a Fulbright Senior Scholar Award to teach and conduct research at the University of Cologne in Germany.

Samuel Grolmes is a professor of Japanese at the College of San Mateo, CA. He was a Fulbright Instructor in Japan, and later taught American Literature at Tezukayama Gakuin University, Osaka. He has published numerous poems in literary journals in America and Japan. In collaboration with his wife Yumiko Tsumura, he has  published translations of modern Japanese poetry and fiction in literary journals as well as New Directions Annuals. Also with Yumiko Tsumura, he has published Poetry of Ryuichi Tamura, 1998, and Tamura Ryuichi Poems 1946 - 1998. A collection of translations of the poetry of Kazuko Shiraishi, Let Those Who Appear, is due out from New Directions in 2002.

Roger Greenwald has earned several major awards for his poetry, including the CBC Radio / Saturday Night Literary Award (1994). He has published one book of poems, Connecting Flight (1993), several volumes of poetry in translation from Norwegian and Swedish, and one novel translated from Swedish. His awards for translation include the F. R. Scott, the Richard Wilbur, the Inger Sjoberg, and the American-Scandinavian Foundation Translation Prizes. He has also held an NEA Translation Fellowship.

Gabriele Hadl, born and raised in Austria, studied literature at Smith College in the US. English teacher and student of Japanese culture by day, eco-warrior and Kyoto Journal circulation manager by night, she initiated Buy Nothing Day Japan, an annual Nov. 24th event in which several incarnations of the bodhisattva Zenta Claus meditate at department stores silently proclaiming: "the revolution starts right where you sit".

Kitahara Hakushu (1885-1942) established his reputation as a writer of both tanka (the principal genre of classical Japanese poetry) and of free verse. His work marks the transition in Japanese poetry from the classical to the modern and includes Heretics (1909), Memories (1911), and Scenes of Toyko (1913). The selections in this issue are in free verse.

Thomas A. Hale is the Liberal Arts Professor and Professor of African, Caribbean, French, and Comparative Literature and chairs the Department of French at Pennsylvania Sate University. He has published widely on the African oral epic. His most recent works include The Epic of Askia Mohammed, Scribe, Griot and Novelist: Narrative Interpreters of the Songhay Empire, and Griots and Griottes: Masters of Words and Music.

John T. Hamilton is Visiting Assistant Professor of Classics and Comparative Literature at the University of California, Santa Cruz. A translator of contemporary German drama and poetry, he has also published articles on archaic Greek lyric and the Classical tradition. His forthcoming book is entitled Soliciting Darkness: On Pindaric Obscurity.

Kyriakos Haralambidis has published eight volumes of poetry, and has won both the Cypriot and the Greek National Book Awards for poetry. Until recently, Haralambidis was Director of Cultural Programming at Cyprus State Radio. He lives in Nicosia.

Liz Harris holds an MFA in fiction writing from the University of Arkansas, where she is currently finishing an MFA in literary translation. She has won two Lily Peter Fellowships and the Dudley Fitz Award from the University of Arkansas Press for her translations of Italian short stories and poetry. Her own short stories appear or are forthcoming in Other Voices,Denver Quarterly,The Florida Review, and Many Mountains Moving, and excerpts of Giacomo’s Seasons are forthcoming in Exchanges and Northwest Review.

Marguerite Itamar Harrison is Assistant Professor of Portuguese at Smith College. Her translations of Brazilian short fiction have appeared in Brasil/Brazil and Amazonian Literary Review. She received her Ph.D. in Portuguese and Brazilian Studies from Brown University, and holds a Masters degree from the University of Texas at Austin in Brazilian art. She has been commissioned to write the introduction to contemporary Brazilian writer Luiz Ruffato’s new collection of short fiction.

Zygmunt Haupt (1907-1975), multilingual author and painter, like other gifted Poles had a promising career interrupted by World War II and the absorption of his country into the Soviet sphere of influence. In 1947 he moved to America, and spent most of his working life as a translation editor for the U.S. Information Agency in Washington. But he continued to write, paint, and indulge the love of horses that came from his training in the Polish cavalry. His stories appealed to readers in America and Poland, and his reputation was extremely distinguished among Polish emigrés in France.

Yehudit Ben Zvi Heller was born in Petach-Tikva, Israel, and was educated in Jerusalem, where she worked as a teacher specializing in  learning and behavioral problems in female adolescents. Since 1984 she has resided in Amherst. At the University of Massachusetts, she served for many years as Associate Director of the Hillel Foundation and has also taught numerous courses on myth and folklore and on Jewish and Israeli literature. Her poetry in Hebrew has appeared in a number of Israeli literary reviews. Yehudit's first book of poetry, The Woman in a Purple Coat, was published in 1996 by Eked Publishing, Tel Aviv; a second  collection of poems in Hebrew will be published in the fall of 2001.

John Hellweg is Professor of Theatre at Smith College where he teaches courses in acting, directing, and dramatic literature. His courses have focused upon European and Asian theatre, intercultural practice, and on religion and theatre in Southeast Asia. He was instrumental in bringing performance training in Central Javanese dance and music to Smith. Recent directorial work includes two one-woman performances: Mother Maroon (Hart) which was presented in Cairo for the United Nations Conference on overpopulation and I Used to Be One Hot Number (Blair) which was last presented at the Big D Festival of the Unexpected at the Dallas Theater Center.

Walter Hess (1931-) was born in Germany and emigrated to the United States in 1940. He is a retired documentary film editor and has received grants from the New York State and Illinois Councils for the Humanities. Films he has worked on have won prizes from Yale, a Peabody and three Emmy Awards. His poems have appeared in American Poetry Review and are forthcoming in Barrow Street. He lives in New York City.

Ted Hughes (1930-1998) was born and raised in Yorkshire, England. As a student at Cambridge University, he met and married Sylvia Plath (who was on a Fulbright fellowship after graduating from Smith College), and their marriage—and especially her suicide in 1963 (followed by the copy-cat suicide in 1969 of his second wife, with whom he had been having an affair when Plath died, and who took with her the daughter she had borne to Hughes)—shaped the public’s perception of Hughes throughout his life. His first collection of poetry (The Hawk in the Rain) was published in 1957 and established him as an exceptionally gifted young poet. Hughes published prolifically throughout his life: poetry, children’s stories (originally written for his own and Plath’s children), and translations. In 1984 he was appointed Poet Laureate of England. The two poems in this issue, translated into Macedonian by the eminent Macedonian poet Bogomil Gjuzel, are from Hughes’ last collection, The Birthday Letters (1998). This work too has given rise to controversy because of its expressly autobiographical nature: the poems purport to chronicle his relationship with Sylvia Plath, and perforce present his side, or construction, of the story.

Roxana Huhulea is a professional freelance translator of French and Romanian, based in New York City. She has a University Degree in French and English and Accreditation by the American Translators' Association. She is President Elect of the New York Circle of Translators.

Nikos Houliaras is a reformed pop-singer, respected painter and poet, and best-selling novelist. His fiction tends to revolve around his native city of Ioannina, in northwest Greece. The story in this issue is from his first collection, The Bakakok.

Chanjerai Hove, a leading Zimbabwean poet, came of age during Zimbabwe’s second liberation struggle. He has served as an editor for Mambo Press and Zimbabwe Publishing House.  From 1984 to 1989 he served as chairman of the Zimbabwe Writers’ Union, which he helped to found. His published works include Up in Arms, Red Hills of Home, a Shona novel  Masimba Avanhu? (People’s Power?), Bones, Shadows (Shebeen Tales (1994)) Ancestors, and Rainbows in the Dust.

Elin ap Hywel (1962- ) is a poet, translator and editor who works in Welsh and English. She was the Royal Literary Fund’s first bilingual Fellow at the University of Wales in 2001/02 and has been reappointed for 2003/04. Her first volume of poems, Pethau Brau (Delicate Things) appeared in 1982, when she was studying Welsh and Modern Irish at the University of Wales. Her published work has been widely anthologized and translated into Czech, English, German, Italian and Japanese. She has edited two collections of Welsh women’s short stories in English. Her latest book, Ffinau/Borders (Gomer 2002), a volume of original poems and translations from the Welsh, is a collaboration with fellow poet Grahame Davies.

Yiorgos Ioannou (1927-1985) was perhaps the most influential post-war writer of Greek fiction. A collection of his last stories, Good Friday Vigil, is available in English from Kedros Editions. "The Sarcophagus" is the title story of his second book, published in 1971.

Tere Irastortza began her career as a poet at a very young age, when she was still in college, studying Basque and Spanish philology. She has written six books: Gabeziak (1980), Hostoak. Gaia eta gau aldaketak (1983), Derrotaren fabulak (1986), Osinberdeko kantoreak (1986), Manual devotio gabecoa (1994), Gabeziaren khantoreak (Antología, 1995) and Izen gabe, direnak (2000).  She has also translated the work of many prominent writers into Basque. She is the president of the Association of Writers in the Basque Language (Euskal Idazleen Elkartea).

Akínwùmí  Ìsolá , Professor Emeritus at Æbáfêmi Awólôwö University, Nigeria, is one of the most prolific and versatile of contemporary Yorùbá creative writers.  Well known for his award winning historical play, Efúnsetán Aníwúrà , written in 1966 and published in 1970, Professor Ìsölá is a seasoned Yorùbá dramatist, novelist, poet, and essayist. Although he is  fluent in French, English and Yoruba, Ìsölá has chosen to write mostly in Yorùbá. His published works include: Ó Le Kú (1974), Kò«eégbé (1981), Àfàìmö Àti Àwæn Àròfö Míiràn (1978), Olú Æmæ and Abê Ààbò (1983), Ogún Æmædé (1990).

Philippe Jaccottet (1925-) considers poetry to be "le langage le plus vrai sur l’essential" ("the most telling language about what really matters"). He has defined his role as shedding light upon reality. A prolific translator of H?lderlin, Rilke, Musil and others, he has written books in various genres. Among his best-known poetry collections are L’Effraie (The Screech Owl ), L'Ignorant and Airs.

Philip Jenkins is a translator, writer and poet who lives in London. He translates contemporary Spanish poetry and prose and contributes to the Spanish Internet magazine Luke. With R.D.V. Glasgow he has translated Augusto Monterroso’s The Black Sheep and Other Fables, which is scheduled to appear in the United Kingdom in spring 2005. He has also been invited to prepare a bilingual selection of the poetry of Eli Tolaretxipi for publication in the UK in 2007.

Jan Jansen  was born in Utrecht, the Netherlands, in 1962 and currently studies History and Cultural Anthropology at Utrecht University. He holds a Ph.D. from Leiden University where he is currently a research fellow at the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Jayadeva lived and wrote in Bengal in the 12th century and was the most illustrious of the "five jewels" at the Court of Lakshman Sen of Gaur. His lyrical masterpiece Gitagovinda stands as the last great work in Sanskrit poetic tradition. Songs from it, which he set to music, have been sung all over India for centuries and are still sung today. Again, since the middle ages, yearly festivals in both Bengal (Kanduli, his birthplace) and Orissa (which also claims him), celebrate Jayadeva through recitals from the Gitagovinda, enacting the Krishnalila through his poetry and music.

Michel Jourdain (1938- ) was born in Paris, studied architecture, and taught French in Algeria for eight years until forced to return to France in the late nineteen-sixties. Until his retirement in 1998, he was Professor of Classics in Paris. An author of novels, experimental theater, experimental prose and poetry, he has consistently challenged aesthetic norms and political complacency.

Eva Juarros-Daussà holds a PhD in Linguistics from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst and teaches in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese at Smith College

Ha-yun Jung is the Carol Houck Smith Fiction Fellow at the University of Wisconsin-Madison's Creative Writing Institute. Her fiction has appeared in Story Quarterly, Prairie Schooner and Best New American Voices 2001. She has also won the 31st Korean Literature Translation Award.

Jaan Kaplinski (1941-  ) is the only living Estonian poet who has achieved an international reputation. His poems have been translated into a dozen languages. Best known abroad for The Same Sea in Us All   (Portland 1985, London 1990), at home he is recognized for his stories, philosophical essays and political writings, as well as his poems. Upon Estonia’s regaining independence he served in its parliament from 1992 to 1995. A gifted linguist, he wrote a book of poems - I am the Spring in Tartu  (Vancouver 1991) - directly in English, and has translated literary works from French, Spanish, English, Swedish and Chinese to Estonian. He has been nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Carina Karlsson (1966 - ) was born and lives in Åland, an island in the Baltic Sea and works in a grocery store. She has written since childhood, has been published in the local press as well as in magazines including BLM (Bonnier’s Literary Magazine) and has received various grants. Lisbeta, Per Skarp’s Wife was published in 1996.

Ioanna Karystiani (1952-) was born in Crete, Greece. She emerged relatively late on the literary scene with her short story collection Mrs. Kataki (Kastaniotis, 1995). Many stories from this collection have been adapted for the theatre and staged. Her novel Little England (1997) won the Greek State National Book Award for best novel in 1998 and was also chosen as Greece’s nomination for both the 1998 European Aristeion Literary Prize and the Balkan Prize. A second novel, Suit on the Ground (2000) shared the Diavazo Magazine Book Critics Award for best novel in 2001. She has recently completed a film script entitled Brides, to be produced by Martin Scorsese and directed by Pandelis Voulgaris, and is working on another film script, an adaptation of a holocaust story by a Greek Jewish writer set in Thessaloniki, for French film director Costas Gavras.

John Keats (1705-1821): Recognized as one of the mainstays of British poetry, friend of Shelley, he concentrated his brief life on writing. He sailed for Rome in 1820, hoping to conquer tuberculosis, but died there soon after.

Clarence Kennedy (1892-1972) was for all his working life professor of Art History at Smith College. He was photographer to Duveen, Mackay, et al., and known especially for his photographs of sculptures from the Italian Renaissance. He was particularly interested in making reproductions of art of high quality available to the general public and was consultant to Polaroid, Eastman Kodak and Meriden Gravure.

Melinda Kennedy was born in Northampton, Massachusetts, and spent much of her youth in Italy. Editor, translator, writer, she retired from teaching in 1989 and thereafter became co-editor of Metamorphoses. Her poems have appeared in such journals as The Southern Review and The Massachusetts Review. She lives now in a former station in the Underground Railroad with her dog Simeon Aristides Doggett.

John Khoury, born in Illinois and raised in California, studied philosophy in Maine, Spanish in Madrid, and language education at the School for International Training in Vermont. He directs Excelsior Academy, an English school in Kyoto, Japan. His interests include Japanese literature, bamboo basketry, and learning to see.

Charles Killinger is Patricia Havill Whalen Professor of History at Valencia Community College and adjunct professor of Italian history at the University of Central Florida. He has an M.A. from the College of William and Mary and a Ph.D. from Florida State University. A specialist in the history of modern Italy, he has published extensively on the subject in the United States and in Italy. He is the author of Rebel in Two Worlds: Gaetano Savemini in Italy and America and A History of Italy.

Yuhn Bok Kim (Kim Yuhn Bok in Korean) is a Korean native who writes his poems in English and then recreates them in Korean, using the same material but "cooking each poem again in the soup of Korean taste." He has taught English in the past but is now a vice-principal in a high school in Kyung-Buk, Republic of Korea.

Katherine Callen King is Professor of Comparative Literature and Classics at UCLA. She specializes in Greek poetry and gender studies, and has published a bilingual edition of Gina Valdes' poetry collection, Puentes y fronteras.

G. Kitula King’ei, Kenyan born, has a Ph.D. in Literary Studies and is Associate Professor and Chair of the Department of Kiswahili and Other African Languages at Kenyatta University, Nairobi.

Katherine Kitetu holds a PhD in Lingustics and is currently Lecturer and Chair of the Department of Languages and Linguistics at Egerton University, Kenya.

Stephen Klass is a professor of English at Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, and the translator of Fredrik Paludan-Müller’s Danish satirical epic, Adam Homo (NY: Twickenham, 1981) and, in collaboration with Leif Sjöberg, Harry Martinsson’s Aniara (Story Line Press, 1999).

Walter H. Kokernot is Associate Professor and chair of English at Ohio Dominican University in Columbus, Ohio. His research interests include: Mark Twain, Matthew Arnold, Walker Percy, George MacDonald, C. S. Lewis, and the Victorian Period. His most recent article, on Matthew Arnold’s poetry, will be appearing in Victorian Poetry in the summer 2005 issue.

Kimberly Kono teaches modern Japanese language and literature at Smith College. She is currently working on a manuscript, tentatively titled Writing Imperial Relations, which explores Japanese writers’ negotiation of their relation to Japan, the colonies and empire through the tropes of family, romance, and marriage during the late colonial period. She is also translating several works of Japanese colonial fiction.

Stephanie Kraft (1944-) A journalist who has visited Poland regularly since 1988, she has a doctorate in Victorian literature from the University of Rochester and is translating Emancypantki (Emancipated Women), a novel about feminism by the eminent nineteenth century Polish author, Boleslaw Prus.

Phillip Krummrich holds a PhD in Comparative Literature from the University of Illinois and chairs English, Foreign Languages and Philosophy at Morehead State University in Kentucky. He has published translations and original poetry, and most recently a bilingual edition of Fernando Pessoa’s Quadras ao Gõsto Popular (Quatrains in the Popular Style), Mellen Press:2003.

Ku Hyo-So is one of Korea’s leading authors. He has written short stories and novels. His work is marked by stylistic versatility, a mastery of different genres, a broad range of often daring subjects and bold innovation.

Gunter Kunert, at seventy-five, is one of the three or four best German-language poets writing today. Born in Berlin, he was “encouraged” by the East German government to move from East Berlin in 1979; he has lived north of Hamburg ever since. The poems here, taken from three of his four dozen books of poetry, essays and other prose, exemplify his finely-tuned irony. The translations try to reproduce his seemingly casual metrical artistry, which make a German poem by Kunert immediately identifiable.

Mikel Laboa, born in 1934 in Donostia, Gipuzkoa and by profession a medical doctor and psychiatrist, is nowadays considered, along with Benito Lertxundi, to be one of the most eminent singers of modern Basque music. He has had an enormous influence on contemporary youth.  In the 60s he was one of the founders of the legendary collective of Basque musicians,  Ez Dok Amairu (We Are Not Thirteen).

Olof Lagercrantz (1911 - ) is one of Sweden's foremost writers, he is a poet, biographer and critic as well as a political columnist and past editor of Dagens Nyheter, Sweden's largest daily paper. He has offered vivid, memorable treatments of Dante, James Joyce, Joseph Conrad, Proust, Strindberg as well as of his friend Gunnar Ekelöf, perhaps Sweden's finest poet.

Ingrid Lansford grew up bilingual in a German family in Denmark. She received her Ph.D. in English from the University of Texas at Austin. After teaching English at a community college she worked as a full-time freelance technical and medical translator for ten years and after 2002, has concentrated on literary translation. She has published six literary prose translations from German in the bilingual journal Dimension2, and recently contributed a translation from Danish to the anthology THRESHOLDS, World Literature from the Heart of Texas (2003), a runner-up for the Texas Institute of Letters Award.

Carrol Lasker holds a Ph.D. in Comparative Literature and is an Assistant Professor of Speech and Theater at CUNY’s New York City Technical College.  Born and raised in South Africa, she has published widely on  African literature and has translated many works from Afrikaans and Kaaps. These include the poetry and drama of Adam Small as well as Arthur Nuthall Fula’s The Golden Magnet. Currently she is working on a translation of Black South African women’s narratives.

Reyes Lázaro is an aspiring translator and guest-editor of this issue.  She teaches Spanish language and contemporary literatures and cultures from the Iberian Peninsula at Smith College, where she came from her native Bilbao in 1979.   She likes to think that General Franco is partly responsible for this issue, for forcing her grandfather, Felipe Gurtubay, to bury his books in Basque as the dictator’s troops arrived at his hometown, Galdakao, and for forcing her to lose Euskera as a child of six in the early sixties here described by Atxaga.  Nunca mais.

Nikolaus Lenau (1802-1850). He wrote lyric poetry, and verse epics on historical themes, including Faust and Savonarola. Although his poetry does not always escape the shoals of sentimentality and precious rhetoric, he stands out among German Romantic poets of his time because of the musical quality of his verse, his evocations of the landscape of his native eastern Germany, his impressions of tropical settings, and images from a year spent in North America.

Siegfried Lenz, one of Germany’s most accomplished storytellers, was born in Lyck in the former East Prussia in 1926. He was drafted into the German navy at seventeen, deserted toward the end of the war, and spent time in a British internment camp. After several years of studying both German and English literature in Hamburg, he accepted an internship at Die Welt, a German newspaper run by the Allied occupation forces. During his years as an editor, he wrote the novel Es waren Habichte in der Luft (There were Hawks in the Air), which was serialized in Die Welt and gave him his first taste of literary success. Over the past fifty years, Lenz has written more than a dozen novels including The German Lesson (1968), very successful radio plays, many short stories, and numerous essays. He has won a dozen major awards, but the one that means most to him is being made honorary citizen of Hamburg, the city where he has been living for close to sixty years. “Lucas, Gentle Servant” came out in 1953 as one of Lenz’ first short stories
.
Rika Lesser (1953 - ) is a poet and translator of Swedish and German literature and has taught literary translation at Columbia University and Yale University. She is the author of three collections of poetry and is celebrated for her translations of poetry. She has won many prizes and awards.

Alexis Levitin has published translations of poetry (from Portuguese) in 200 magazines, including Partisan Review and American Poetry Review, and 18 books in translation, including seven volumes of poetry by Eugenio de Andrade, which won him the first Pessoa translation prize from Columbia University. His work has been supported by grants from the Witter Bynner Poetry Foundation and the Rockefeller Foundation. In 2003, New Directions will publish his Forbidden Words: Selected Poems of Eugenio de Andrade..

Sara Lidman has been a successful Swedish writer for the past forty years, mostly of novels, short stories and reportage, dealing with unjust treatment of human beings, especially in Lapland where she was born. Nadine Gordimer said "translations of her work are a cause for celebration."

Torgny Lindgren ( 1938 - ) had his first book published in 1965, became a full-time writer in 1974 and has been a member of the Swedish Academy since 1991. His work includes two volumes of poetry, four volumes of short stories, (one collection published in English under the title Merab’s Beauty) and nine novels, four of which have been translated into English: The Way of the Serpent,Bathsheba,Light, and In Praise of Truth.

Irene Lisboa (1892-1958): solitary woman-of-letters who published in various genres. Though well-educated, her status as illegitimate daughter to a wealthy man left her in relative isolation in Portuguese society and publication under the male pseudonym, Joao Falco. Her musings on the inner life are spiced with irony and fly in the face of traditional barriers between prose and verse.

Clarice Lispector (1924-1977): Though she was born in the Ukraine, her family emigrated two months later to Brazil. Widely regarded as the principal woman writer of Brazil's twentieth century; her books have been translated into several languages.

Adília Lopes (1960-) was born in Lisbon and since 1985 she is perhaps Portugal’s most iconoclastic poet.

N.P. van Wyk Louw was born in Sutherland, South Africa in 1906. He was the major Afrikaans poet and public intellectual of his generation, and he and his brother, W.E.G. Louw, were leading figures in the Afrikaans literary movement of the 1930s. In his collection of essays, Lojale verset (1939), Louw argued for the importance of criticism within Afrikaner nationalism. An educationalist by training, Louw taught at the University of Cape Town for nearly two decades before taking up a position as Extraordinary Professor in South African Language, Literature, Culture and History at the University of Amsterdam. During his time abroad, he wrote many of his most important poems, published in Nuwe verse (1954) and Tristia (1962). He also wrote a series of magazine articles defending apartheid "separate development" as a multinationalism consistent with liberal principles. These were published in the collection Liberale Nasionalisme (1958). Returning to South Africa in 1958, he spoke out against some policies of the National Party government, and his play, Die pluimsaad waai ver (1966) was publicly attacked by prime minister H. F. Verwoerd. Chairing the Department of Afrikaans and Nederlands at the University of the Witwatersrand, he died in Johannesburg in 1970.

Sau Lugano, a Ph.D. student and Instructor in Comparative Literaure at Pennsylvania State University, is Lecturer in the Department of Kiswahili and Other African languages at Kenyatta University, Kenya. Lugano is also a short story writer. Among her published translations in Kiswahili is the United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women.

Henry Lyman: His translations of the poetry of Aleksis Rannit have appeared in Poetry and New Directions and in two sections published by the Elizabeth Press. He is presently completing a larger, more comprehensive volume.

Mitko Madunkov (b. 1943 in Strumica, southeastern Macedonia) graduated from the Department of Literature and Literary Theory in Belgrade. His numerous publications include six collections of short stories, three novels, and five plays. His novels The Hedge of the World (1984) and To the Other Country (1993) each won prestigious national awards. "The Bombing" is from his most recent collection, The Tree of Narajana (1998). He lives in Belgrade, where he works in the Public Library.

Sylvia Maizell has studied Russian Literature at the University of Chicago, in Moscow and Saint Petersburg and has taught Russian for many years. She has translated Ludmila Petrushevskaya as well as several published Russian emigres, among them Emil Draitser, Felix Roziner, Azari Messurer, Vladimir Matlin, and Ludmila Petrushevskaya.

Kalina Maleska is pursuing postgraduate studies at the University of Skopje, from which she holds a degree in English. She has published translations of short stories and poems from English into Macedonian.

Osip Mandelstam (1891-1938) is one of the major Russian poets of the 20th century. Mandelstam’s first collection (Stone ) was published in 1913. Like Akhmatova, he was a member of the Acmeist movement. Mandelstam’s prose works include "The Noise of Time" and "The Egyptian Stamp."    He was arrested during the Stalinist terror and died in a Soviet labor camp in 1938. His work, translated into many languages, has had extraordinary impact on several generations of Russian readers.

Maria-Mercé Marçal had several volumes of poetry to her credit when she died of cancer in 1998, at the age of 46.  She wrote a number of essays as well, a few stories, and a novel based on the biography and work of Pauline Mary Tarn, poet of American birth and French expression, known by her pen name, Renée Vivien.  One of Marçal’s early works is a collection of fifteen sestinas, in which she successfully uses the medieval form for modern preoccupations and imagery.

Annabel Martin was born in New Jersey in 1961, and spent her youth in Bilbao. A graduate of the University of Deusto in Bilbao, she earned her PhD in Spanish and Comparative Literature from North Carolina State University, and has since taught at North Carolina State and Emory College. She is currently an Assistant Professor of Spanish and Portuguese at Dartmouth College.

Maria Lúcia Milléo Martins: Born and educated in the south of Brazil, is currently on a Ph.D. program at UMass. In 1992, she was awarded a Fulbright scholarship to do research on Elizabeth Bishop's special collections in Vassar and Harvard, a scholarship renewed in 1994. She is collaborating as translator and editor of an Anthology of Contemporary American Poets (bilingual), 1997 (U. Federal de Sta. Catarina).

Beverly Matherne: Has two bilingual chapbooks: Je me souviens de la Louisiane (March Street Press) and Images cadiennes (Ridgewood Press). Widely published in journals, including Kansas Quarterly, Squaw Review, and Verse, she is on the writing faculty of Northern Michigan University.

Margalit Matitiahu writes poetry in Hebrew and Ladino. She has published research articles on the Ladino press in Thessaloniki, Greece between 1860-1940, and has been a regular participant for 25 years on Israel’s Radio Ladino program. Since 1986, she has lectured at Bar-Ilan University. She is the winner of the Fernando Jeno Award (1994), the international prize for Jewish literature given by the Jewish community of Mexico; of the Ateneo de Jaen Award (1996), the international literature prize for poetry in Jaen, Andalusia, Spain; and of the Priminster Literature Award (1999), Israel. Since 1986 she has served as secretary-general of the Writers’ Union in Israel and she has participated in the International Congress of Poets all over the world since 1991. She has published numerous collections of poetry in both Hebrew and Ladino, in Spain and Israel.

Alamin Mazrui, a Kenyan, is Associate Professor of African and African-American Studies at Ohio State University. He is the author of a collection of poems, Kilio cha Haki , 1988 (A Cry for Justice). Mazrui holds an M.Ed in Language Education from Rutgers University and a Ph.D. in Linguistics from Stanford University in California. He has taught at universities in Kenya, Nigeria and the USA and has served as a consultant to non-governmental organizations in Africa on such subjects as language and urbanization and language and the law. He has a special interest in human rights and civil liberties and has written policy reports on those subjects. He has published plays, poetry and several scholarly works in Kiswahili including Uchambuzi wa Fasihi (Heinemann, Kenya, 1992), co-authored with Benedict Syambo; The Swahili Idiom and Identity (Africa World Press, 1994), with Ibrahim Noor Shariff; Political Culture of Language: Swahili, Society and the State (IGCS, Binghamton University, 1996; Second Edition,1999), with Ali A. Mazrui; and Power of Babel: Language and Governance in the African Experience (University of Chicago Press,1998), also co-authored with Ali A. Mazrui.

Mwenda Mbatiah holds a Ph.D from the University of Nairobi where he is a Lecturer in the Department of Kiswahili.

Joseph L. Mbele, a Tanzanian, is Associate Professor of English and Folklore at St. Olaf College.. He formerly taught in the Literature Department at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. His research centers  on folklore, especially the epic and folktale. He has published papers in such journals as Africana Journal, Kiswahili, Research in African Literatures, African Languages and Cultures, and The Literary Griot as well as a book, Matengo Folktales.

Martin McKinsey’s translations of Modern Greek include Late into the Night: The Last Poems of Yannis Ritsos (Oberlin UP) and Andreas Franghias’ The Courtyard, which won the 1996 Greek State Prize for Translation. He has published translations of numerous contemporary Greek fiction writers.. He teaches modern literature at the University of New Hampshire.

Kathleen McNerney is an eclectic scholar whose works include books on the fifteenth-century poet Ausias March and the novelist Joanot Martorell as well as works on contemporary Catalan women writers. She has also written about Spanish, French, and Latin-American authors, both classic and contemporary. She teaches literature, humanities, and women’s studies at West Virginia University. In 1990, she was awarded the Catalonia Prize for diffusion of Catalan culture, and in 1995 she was designated Benedum Distinguished Scholar by her institution.

Miren Agur Meabe, born in Lekeitio in 1962, she now lives in Bilbao. She has a degree in Basque philology. She was a teacher for a few years and now publishes Basque text books.  She writes poetry and children’s literature, and has to her credit many award winning books for children and young people including The House By the Cliff (2000, Eusakdi Prize). She has published two collections of poetry, Oi, hondarrezko emakaitz (1999) and Azalaren Kodea (2000), which received the Spanish Critics’ Prize on the year of its publication, and was translated into Spanish by the author and published under the title El código de la piel (2002). www.miren-agur-meabe.com

Iñaki Mendiguren has a degree in History. Among many other works he has translated the Harry Potter books into Basque(one of which earned him the 2002 Euskadi Award for the Best Literary Translation). He has also had two novels published. With his wife, Sarah Turtle, he is responsible for translating news items from Basque into English for the English Edition of the on-line Basque-language newspaper BERRIA.

Christoforos Milionis (1932-) was born in Ioannina, Greece. A classical philologist and literary critic as well as a prolific writer of fiction, he has taught in Greece and Cyprus and served on the editorial boards of several pioneering literary journals. In 1986 he won the First National Short Fiction Prize for his collection of short stories, Kalamas and Acheron. In 2000 he received the Diavazo Magazine prize for fiction for his collection The Ghosts of York. In addition to several volumes of critical essays, he has published two novels, a collection of novellas, and nine collections of short stories. His work has been translated into Russian, Italian, French, German, Spanish, Dutch, Swedish, Hungarian and English.

Lence Milosevska, a poet and writer of short stories, has a degree in English from Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Macedonia, and lived and worked in Great Britain for two years. She currently works as an editor at Kultura Publishing House in Skopje and regularly translates from English, Serbian, and Croatian into Macedonian. Her translation of Ernest Hemingway’s Nick Adams Stories won a national award, as did her rendering of Erich Fromm’s The Art of Loving (both from English to Macedonian).

Blaze Minevski (b. 1961 in Gevgelija) is a reporter for the Macedonian daily Nova Makedonija , having studied journalism in Skopje. He has published three novels and several volumes of short stories, selections of which have been translated into other languages, including English. His most recent novel bears the revealing title We Should Have Taken a Picture Before We Started Hating Each Other (1998).

Verne Moberg is a lecturer in Scandinavian languages in the Swedish program at Columbia University. She has worked as a translator and editor in book publishing in New York and Stockholm, and has taught and written about women’s literature.

Judith Moffett is the author of nine books in five genres including poetry and Swedish translation. She was awarded the Swedish Academy’s Translation Prize in 1983. Her translations in this issue will appear in her tenth book, an anthology to be called The North! To the North! Five Poets of Nineteenth Century Sweden , forthcoming from Southern Illinois University Press.

Sarah Moon graduated  from Smith College in 2004 with majors in Comparative Literature and Spanish. She hopes to attend graduate school for an M.F.A in poetry and a M.A. in Translation Studies in Fall 2005.

Andrea Moorhead was born in 1947 in Buffalo, New York. Editor of Osiris and co-director of the Deerfield Academy Press, Moorhead publishes poetry and prose in both English and French. Her most recent collections of poems are From A Grove Of Aspen (1997, University of Salzburg) and le vert est fragile (1999, Écrits des Forges). Her translations include The Edges of Light , selected poems of Hélène Dorion (1995, Guernica Editions) and Updates , poems by Françoise Hàn (1999, Éditions en Forêt/Verlag Im Wald). She is preparing a translation of Madeleine Gagnon's Rêve de pierre .

Sandra Moussempés, born in Paris in 1965, has published two volumes of poetry, Exercices d'incendie (Éditions Fourbis 1994) and Vestiges de fillette (Flammarion 1997). Her poems and short stories have been published in many collected works and journals. Future publications include two short stories in NRF and translations from Vestiges de fillette by Serge Gavronsky in Sites, the Journal of 20th Century French Studies (in print 2000). In 1995, she received a prestigious residency grant at the Villa Médicis, Académie de France in Rome, and has since received many other grants, including the Mission Stendhal in London (1994; 1997), Semaines littéraires de Genshagen in Berlin (1999) and a residency at the Villa Kujoyama in Japan (2000).

Fatima Mujcinovic is Assistant Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Westminster College, Salt Lake City. She was born and raised in Sarajevo, Bosnia, and in 1994 she was forced to leave her country and come to the U.S. to continue her undergraduate studies. She holds a Ph.D. in Comparative Literature from the University of California, Santa Barbara.

Paul Muldoon’s most recent volume is Moy Sand and Gravel (2002), for which he won the 2003 Pulitzer Prize. Born in 1951 in County Armagh, Muldoon now teaches at Princeton University and in 1999 was elected Professor of Poetry at the University of Oxford. Paul Muldoon’s main collections of poetry are New Weather (1973), Mules (1977), Why Brownlee Left (1980), Quoof (1983), Meeting The British (1987), Madoc: A Mystery (1990), The Annals of Chile (1994), Hay (1998), Poems 1968-1998 (2001).

Katwiwa Mule, a Kenyan, is Assistant Professor of African and Comparative Literature at Smith College, specializes on African women’s drama and has published essays on Maria ma Bâ, Penina Mlama, and other Kiswahili women playwrights. He has also translated two plays, Penina Mlama’s Nguzo Mama (Mother Pillar) and Amandina Lihamba’s Mkutano wa Pili wa Ndege (The Second Conference of Birds).

Daniel Murphy teaches in the Department of Modern Languages at Hollins University where he offers classes on Hispanic literature, and on Spanish language and culture.  His special scholarly interest is in poetry and he is the author of Vicente Aleixandre’s Stream of Lyric Consciousness (Bucknell University Press, 2001)

Giampiero Neri (1927—) was born in Erba, Italy and lives in Milan. A leading exponent of the Milan school, he has published seven volumes of poetry: L’aspetto occidentale del vestito [The Western Look of Dress] (Milan: Guanda, 1976), Liceo [High School] (Milan-Palermo: Acquario-Guanda, 1986), Dallo stesso luogo [From the Same Place] (Milan: Coliseum, 1992), Teatro naturale [Natural Theater]) (Milan: Mondadori, 1998), Erbario con figure [Herbarium with Pictures] (Como: Lietocolle, 2000), Finale (Como: Dialogolibri, 2002], Armi e mestieri [Weapons and Trades] (Milan: Mondadori, 2004). A collection of his prose writings will be published by Lietocolle: La serie dei fatti, quindici prose di Giampiero Neri [The Series of Facts, Fifteen Prose Writings by Giampiero Neri], edited and with an introduction by Victoria Surliuga.

Karen Newman is a Professor of Comparative Literature and English at Brown University, and is a comparatist working in early modern literature and culture, English, French and Italian. Her books include Shakespeare’s Rhetoric of Comic Character, Fashioning Femininity and English Renaissance Drama, and most recently, Fetal Positions: Individualism, Science, Visuality. She has also published articles on various Renaissance topics.

Pierre Ngijol Ngijol , a Camerounian, holds a Ph.D in African literature from University of Bordeaux, France. He is a retired Professor of African languages and literatures and Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at the University of Yaounde, Cameroon.  One of his greatest achievements was his pioneering work in making Basaa oral epic literature accessible to a wider audience by translating it into French.  His initiative culminated in the collection, transcription and translation of the epic of Bon ba Hiton, as narrated by the bard Njib Njib of Matomb. In 1980, his dissertation was published in Cameroon as Les Fils de Hitong , by the Centre d’Edition et de Production Pour l’Enseignement et la Recherche (CEPER).
 

Sophia Nikolaïdou was born in Thessaloniki in 1968. She studied classical literature and lives and works in Thessaloniki. She has published two short story collections, One Blonde Well Done (Athens: Kedros, 1997) and Fear Will Get to You and You’ll be Alone (Athens: Kedros, 1999) both minimalist in style, followed by a novel, The Planet Prespa. A Grand Story (Athens: Kedros, 2002), which combines elements of the detective thriller, the gothic romance, and the campus novel.

Dimitris Nollas is one of the most accomplished fiction writers in Greece. His ten books include short story collections, novellas, and The Sepulcher by the Sea, a novel that won the 1993 Greek State Prize for Fiction. A selection from his short fiction has appeared in French (Éditions Hatier).

Mwenda Ntarangwi is Director of the St. Lawrence University study abroad program in Kenya. He holds Ph.D in Anthropology from the University of Illinois and has published widely in the areas of gender, popular culture, and study abroad. His current interests include teaching and research in the social sciences in Africa. Ntarangwi's book Gender, Identity and Performance is forthcoming from Africa World Press, New Jersey.

James O’Brien is Professor of Japanese at the University of Wisconsin and past president of the Association of Teachers of Japanese. After translating a number of modern prose writers, he has turned his attention to poetry. In addition to Kitahara Hakushu and Hagiwara Sakutaro, the two poets translated in this issue, he is working on the poetry of Takamura Kotaro, Murano Shiro, and Miyoshi Tatsuji. Translations reflecting his interests have recently appeared in Poet Lore and The Literary Review, with furthe