SCL Research, Citation Guides and Style Manuals



	Research > Citation Guides and Style Manuals

Citation Software | Citation Styles | When to Cite

REFWORKS CITATION MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE

helps researchers gather, manage, store, and generate citations and bibliographies. Smith faculty, staff & students have access on the web without charge. Set up a personal login account to begin.

SC Help with - Login	Link
Technical Assistance: Getting started; using the program	ITS Help
RefWorks with Research: Help with library resources	Libraries Help

CITATION STYLES - Choose a link from the table below.

Electronic Resources		Humanities
Examples from the most commonly-used style guides		Chicago, MLA, SBL, Turabian
Social Sciences		Sciences
APA, Government Documents, Legal Citation, and more		AMA, APA, CBE, GSA and more
Images		Audio & Video
Works of Art and Photographic Illustrations		Sound Recordings, Musical Scores, Videorecordings
Landmarks Citation Machine
WARNING: The Landmarks Citation Machine does not cover all citation styles and possibilities; its use is not a substitute for checking more complete guidelines for citation style. Use it in a pinch, but rely on other sites listed on this page for more detailed and reliable results.

WHEN TO CITE

The Jacobson Center for Writing, Teaching and Learning offers a useful guide:

Writing Papers: A Handbook for Students at Smith College:
http://www.smith.edu/jacobsoncenter/writing/writingpapers.php
Read "When to Cite" starting on page 47 (p.54 of 71 in pdf file).

EXAMPLES FROM INDIVIDUAL FORMATS

Citing Electronic Resources
Citation Styles (Bedford Press) Covers examples from APA, CBE, Chicago & MLA	click here
Documentation Guidelines: Citing Sources Within Your Paper (Duke University) Covers both print and electronic examples from APA, Chicago, MLA & Turabian	click here
Electronic Styles : a Handbook for Citing Electronic Information (Neilson, Art, Science, Josten)	Ref PN 171 .D37 L5 1996
Columbia Guide to Online Style (Neilson, Art, Science)	Ref PN 171 .F56 W35 1998

Humanities
Chicago Manual of Style - Searchable, in-depth version covering style, editing, and citation format Chicago Style (University of Wisconsin) Quick guide	click here click here
MLA Format (Purdue University)	click here
SBL Style - Society for Biblical Literature (Lycoming College)	click here
Turabian Style (University of Southern Mississippi)	click here
Notes Style Guide (Music Library Association)	click here

Social Sciences
American Anthropological Association (AAA) Style Guide	click here
American Psychological Association (APA) Style (Purdue University)	click here
American Psychological Association Style (from the APA website) Includes a section on citing electronic sources.	Print references Electronic references
Chicago Manual of Style - Searchable, in-depth version covering style, editing, and citation format Chicago Style (University of Wisconsin) Quick guide	click here click here
Introduction to Basic Legal Citation (Cornell University)	click here
Turabian Style (University of Southern Mississippi)	click here
Uncle Sam - Brief Guide to Citing Government Documents (Memphis State University)	click here

Sciences
American Chemical Society Reference Style Guidelines (from the ACS website)	click here
American Institute of Physics Style Guide (from the AIP website)	click here
American Medical Association (AMA) Style Guide (University of Washington)	click here
American Psychological Association (APA) Style (Purdue University)	click here
American Psychological Association Style (from the APA website) Includes a section on citing electronic sources.	Print references Electronic references
Council of Biological Editors (CBE) Citation Guide (Ohio State University)	click here
Geological Society of America Style (from the GSA website)	click here

IMAGES

Works of Art

Citations to works of art should include the following information (or as much of it as can be easily determined from the source) in addition to the standard citation elements for the print or electronic source of the image of the work:

artist's name, title of the work as given in the source, date, location of the work if known (standard reference or note citation for the source publication).

Photographic Illustrations

Citations for photographic illustrations should include the following information (or as much of it as can be easily determined from the source):

photographer's name, date of photo, and the name of the photo agency if given (standard reference or note citation for the source publication).

Image Databases

Citations to images included in image databases (ARTstor, Insight, AP Images, etc.), should include the following (or as much of it as can be easily determined from the source):

creator's name, title of the work as given in the database, location of the work, date (database and collection [if known]).

for example: Daniel Chester French, Angel Death Staying Hand Sculptor, Forest Hills Cemetary, Boston, 1893 (ARTstor, The Image Gallery).

AUDIO & VIDEO

For nonprint sources such as films, sound recordings, and music videos, use common sense. Most such works can be sufficiently cited in the text and should not require end matter. Include the date. For films, include country and director if they are important. For sound recordings, include the recording artist and (unless you think they are unnecessary) the format, label, and catalog number. You may, if you wish, include end matter if you think it would be helpful (discography, filmography, songography, videography, etc.).

from Gary Burns. "Contributor Guidelines" for POPULAR MUSIC AND SOCIETY
http://www3.niu.edu/popms/contrib.html

Citing Music Sources in Your Essay and Bibliography (Western Libraries - Music Library, Ontario, Canada)

Examples of Citations
Musical Scores	Schumann, Robert. Album für die Jugend (Album for the Young). Op. 68. Edited and annotated by Howard Ferguson. [England] : Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music, 1981.
Sound Recordings	Wagner, Richard. Tristan und Isolde. Rundfunkchor Leipzig and Staatskapelle Dresden. Carlos Kleiber. Deutsche Grammophon compact disc 413 315-2.
Video Recordings	America Dances! 1897 - 1948: A Collector's Edition of Social Dance in Film. 2003. Dancetime Publications. DVD.

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Last Updated: October 23, 2008